A Novel PHEMA-Based Bismuth Oxide Composite with High Photocatalytic Activity
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A Novel PHEMA‑Based Bismuth Oxide Composite with High Photocatalytic Activity Yuchen Zhu1 · Chengcheng Jiao1 · Liuqi Han1 · Yuhang Gao1 · Songjun Li1,2 · Xinhua Yuan1 Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The Stöber method was used to synthesize silicon sphere carriers with uniform size. The surface of the silicon sphere carrier was treated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 2-bromopropionyl bromide as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator and grafted with polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) by ATRP. Bismuth nitrate was used as bismuth source to form polymer-metal complex with PHEMA. Sodium borohydride was used to reduce the bismuth ions in the composite material to metallic bismuth, and the metal bismuth on the surface of the composite material was oxidized in air atmosphere at 450 °C to obtain the inorganic–organic bismuth oxide composite. The morphology, elemental composition and photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B by bismuth oxide composite were characterized by various measurements. The TG and TEM results show that the composite material has good thermal stability, and Bi2O3 has very good dispersibility and stability in the prepared B i2O3 composite. When the pH value is 4 with a catalyst dosage of 1.2 g/L, the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B can reach 99.3% after 4 h of light irradiation, which is 24.2% higher than that of pure bismuth oxide. After 5 cycles, Bi2O3 composites still have a strong degradation effect with a degradation rate of 90.1% for Rhodamine B dye solution, which illuminates that the prepared B i2O3 composite has good cyclic degradation performance. Keywords Inorganic organic composite · Bismuth oxide · ATRP · Photocatalytic degradation · Rhodamine B
1 Introduction Nowadays, industrially produced dyes have largely replaced natural dyes because of their low cost and diverse colors. Commonly known as rose red, Rhodamine B (RhB) is an artificial dye with fresh pink color, which is widely used in printing and dyeing wastewater [1–3]. As a xanthene dye, Rhodamine B is difficult to be biodegraded and can cause great harm to the environment. Hence, it is very important to find a green and environmentally friendly degradation treatment method for RhB. The current methods for degrading RhB include Sonochemical method [4], adsorption method [5, 6], electrochemical oxidation method [7], Fenton process * Songjun Li [email protected] * Xinhua Yuan [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
Research School of Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
2
[8] and photocatalytic degradation [9]. Zhang [5] prepared Fe2O3-supported MCM-41 molecular sieve composite, and the degradation of RhB was achieved by physical adsorption. When 20 mg/L of RhB was adsorbed at 20 °C with a pH value of 4 and F e2O3/MCM-41 dosage of 0.4 g, the removal rate is 93.7% af
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