A perspective approach towards appreciable size and cost-effective solar cell fabrication by synthesizing ZnO nanopartic
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A perspective approach towards appreciable size and cost‑effective solar cell fabrication by synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica leaves extract using domestic microwave oven P. Saravanan1 · K. SenthilKannan2 · R. Divya3 · M. Vimalan4 · S. Tamilselvan1 · D. Sankar5 Received: 26 November 2019 / Accepted: 24 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A simple domestic microwave oven-assisted solvothermal method has been used successfully to synthesize spherical nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) for solar cell fabrication using Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves extract as both capping and reducing agent. The hexagonal structure of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrum confirms the presence of Zn–O stretching vibrations. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images have exhibited the spherical morphology of ZnO nanoparticles which has clearly illustrated the average particle size around 4.2 nm. The selected area electron diffraction pattern contains well uniform rings confirming standard orientation. The maximum absorption wavelength for the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was found to be more than 352 nm. The electrical measurement demonstrated that the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss gradually decrease with increase in frequency which is described by the basis Maxwell–Wagner model. The ac conductivity of ZnO nanoparticles was also carried out. The solar cell fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles and photovoltaic devices were displayed. It was further confirmed that smaller size of ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized which had shown better cell efficiency.
1 Introduction An important and innovative field of research, nanotechnology is an emerging part of modern science in the last decades. Nanotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) which has attractive applications in different fields such as catalysis, biomedicines, electrochemistry, pharmaceutics, sensors, food technology, * S. Tamilselvan [email protected] * D. Sankar [email protected] 1
P.G & Research Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar 604 407, India
2
Department of Physics, R&D, Edayathangudy G.S Pillay Arts and Science College, Nagapattinam 611 002, India
3
Physics Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu 629002, India
4
Department of Physics, Thirumalai Engineering College, Kilambi, Kanchipuram 631 551, India
5
P.G & Research Department of Physics, The New College, Chennai 600 014, India
cosmetics, healthcare, textile industry, optics, mechanics, electronics, energy science, space industry and solar devices. [1, 2]. Particularly, green synthesis of nanomaterials plays a key role of research in the branch of nanotechnology due to its inexpensive, eco-friendly, transient and non-hazardous [3–6]. Hence methods for achieving nanoparticles using biological approaches such as extracts of
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