A portrait photo-to-tattoo transform based on digital tattooing
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A portrait photo-to-tattoo transform based on digital tattooing Xingpeng Xu1
· Wojciech Michal Matkowski1 · Adams Wai Kin Kong1
Received: 20 August 2019 / Revised: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 May 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Tattooing portraits of loved ones is a popular form of love expression and tribute. Tattooing portraits is complicated and challenging because of detailed facial expressions and unique characters of each person. Currently, it is hard for clients to give clear instructions on tattoo designs to tattooists, because there is no effective way to see a portrait tattoo before putting it on the body. In this paper, an algorithm which transforms a given portrait photo to a portrait tattoo is proposed. It takes a portrait photo, a reference portrait tattoo image, a skin image and a set of parameters as inputs. The portrait photo is the person’s face whom the client wants to put on his/her skin. The reference portrait tattoo image is used to control the color and style of the synthetic portrait tattoo. The skin image is taken from the skin region where the client wants to tattoo. By adjusting the parameters, portrait tattoos with different characteristics can be generated. The proposed algorithm uses a series of tailor-made image processing methods and a digital tattoo needle model to perform digital tattooing on the skin image. Comparing with the state-of-the-art style transfer methods, the proposed algorithm produces more realistic portrait tattoos. Keywords Image processing · Computer graphics · Computational geometry
1 Introduction Portrait tattoo can be considered as art on skin made by tattooist. Making a portrait tattoo of a loved person to pay tribute or express love has profound meaning to many people. This type of tattoos is very special because they love the person and have high expectation on Xingpeng Xu
[email protected] Wojciech Michal Matkowski [email protected] Adams Wai Kin Kong [email protected] 1
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Multimedia Tools and Applications
the tattoos. Recent studies have shown that the proportion of the US citizens, aged 18-50, having tattoos is over 20% [5, 20], aged 18-29 is more than 40% and is increasing [5, 19]. Similarly, in the UK, it is estimated that 20% of the whole population and 30% of young adults are tattooed [31]. Meanwhile, with the prevalence of tattoos, there is also an increase in regrets. In the US, in 2003, 17% of tattooed people regretted getting a tattoo. Then in 2015, the number increased to nearly a quarter (23%). One of the main reasons is that the tattoos do not fit the expectation of clients [19]. The misunderstanding between clients and tattooists can cause bitter quarrels and even legal disputes [8]. Currently, there is no effective way to see a portrait tattoo before putting it on skin. Because of the permanence of tattoo, the removal is expensive, uncomfortable, time consuming and leaves s
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