A preliminary mineralogical evaluation study of natural asphalt rock characterization, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A preliminary mineralogical evaluation study of natural asphalt rock characterization, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia A. Arisona 1,2 & Mohd. Nawawi 1 & U. K. Nuraddeen 1 & Muh. Hamzah 3
Received: 24 April 2015 / Accepted: 22 December 2015 / Published online: 28 March 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016
Abstract The mineral content of asphalt rocks located in Buton Island (southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia) had remained unknown/unexplored despite the economic importance that may be attached to it. In order to characterize it, evaluation of the natural asphalt rock using xray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and resistivity survey have been carried out. For the XRF analysis, two rock samples were collected from the study area and analyzed at different temperatures in order to observe the variations in concentration and composition of rock samples. Vertical stacking technique (VerStack) was used for the characterization of rock sample into elements with either similar or different patterns at varying depths. The results obtained show 15 elements which are previously unexplored, and some of these elements constitute the innate elements in the parent rock minerals. The VerStack technique indicated that the characteristics of upper rock minerals (topsoil) are similar in patterns with bottom rock minerals. The radial plotting technique was also carried out and it shows good correlation with VerStack patterns. More detail geophysical investigation is recommended to ascertain the quantity of these elements identified by this study.
* A. Arisona [email protected]
1
School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
2
Geophysical Department, Haluoleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
3
Physical Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Keywords XRF . Resistivity . Characteristics . VerStack . Innate element
Introduction Natural asphalt deposits and asphaltic rocks occurs in areas of petroleum prospecting where the reservoirs of petroleum are uplifted and exposed to the surface (Satyana et al. 2013; Nasikin et al. 2013). The presence of asphalt deposits in Buton Island shows that oils have been formed, migrated, and trapped, but later the cap rocks of the traps were eroded due to intensive deformation (Widhiyatna et al. 2006; Hadiwisastra 2009). The asphalt deposits are located in different places along the island. The particles of asbuton (asphalt of Buton) consist of minerals, bitumens, and water, and they are brownish black, porous, and relatively light. When Asbuton is extracted, the minerals and bitumens can be separated. The content of the asphalt (bitumen) of the Asbuton varies from 10 to 40 % (Widhiyatna et al. 2006; Satyana et al. 2013; Hamzah 2002). However, the mineral composition of asphalt rocks located in Buton Island (southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia) had remained unknown/unexplored despite the economic importance that may be attached to it. The use of more than one geophysical method (such as geoelectric, seismic, GPR, magnetic, gravity, etc.) for mineralogi
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