A review of the impact of outdoor and indoor environmental factors on human health in China
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REVIEW ARTICLE
A review of the impact of outdoor and indoor environmental factors on human health in China Yuxia Ma 1 & Yifan Zhang 1 & Bowen Cheng 1 & Fengliu Feng 1 & Haoran Jiao 1 & Xiaoyan Zhao 2 & Bingji Ma 1 & Zhiang Yu 1 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global climate change has led to the increased occurrence of extreme weather events. In the context of global climate change, more evidence indicates that abnormal meteorological conditions could increase the risk of epidemiological mortality and morbidity. In this study, using a systematic review, we evaluated a total of 175 studies (including 158 studies on outdoor environment and 17 studies on indoor environment) to summarize the impact of outdoor and indoor environment on human health in China using the database of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. In particular, we focused on studies about cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and morbidity, the prevalence of digestive system diseases, infectious diseases, and preterm birth. Most of the studies we reviewed were conducted in three of the metropolises of China, including Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. For the outdoor environment, we summarized the effects of climate change–related phenomena on health, including ambient air temperature, diurnal temperature range (DTR), temperature extremes, and so on. Studies on the associations between temperature and human health accounted for 79.7% of the total studies reviewed. We also screened out 19 articles to explore the effect of air temperature on cardiovascular diseases in different cities in the final meta-analysis. Besides, modern lifestyle involves a large amount of time spent indoors; therefore, indoor environment also plays an important role in human health. Nevertheless, studies on the impact of indoor environment on human health are rarely reported in China. According to the limited reports, adverse indoor environment could impose a high health risk on children. Keywords Meteorological factor . Indoor environment . Cardiovascular diseases . Respiratory diseases . Infectious diseases
Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2012, 12.6 million people (including 2.987 million people in China) died because of unhealthy living or working environments, which accounted for 23% of all deaths Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10452-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yuxia Ma [email protected] 1
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2
Neurology Department, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100000, China
(WHO 2016). It has been suggested that the environmental risk facto
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