A Review on Current Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Reality and Challenges
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COVID-19
A Review on Current Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Reality and Challenges Md. Shafiul Hossen 1 & Md Abdul Barek 1 & Nusrat Jahan 1 & Mohammad Safiqul Islam 1 Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic with a high growth rate of confirmed cases. Therefore, therapeutic options are desperately urgent to fight with this damning virus. As it may take years to develop a specific therapy of COVID-19, it is urgent to emphasize the repurposing of drugs used for other conditions. This study reviewed the most common drugs for COVID-19 based on available online literature representing the latest in vitro clinical trial database, rational of use, adverse effects, potential toxicities, and US National Institute of Health (NIH) recommendation to use for COVID-19. Based on the preliminary data from clinical trials and considering the NIH and FDA recommendation, remdesivir and convalescent blood products are the most promising potential for COVID-19 treatment. The use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, ivermectin, and colchicine might also be effective. However, furthermore, in vivo investigations are needed in detail individually and in combination for possible benefits in humans. Besides, tocilizumab might be deemed as adjunctive therapy for patients with cytokine release syndrome. However, lopinavir-ritonavir, anakinra, and sarilumab had not proven their clinical efficacy. Eventually, sarilumab has been withdrawn from sponsored clinical trials based on the preliminary data. Baricitinib and ruxolitinib have the additive immunosuppressive effect. Consequently, all of these drugs are being evaluated with further studies. In addition, drug-drug interaction and safety concerns must be taken into account before the administration of the recommended drugs. Keywords COVID-19 . Clinical trial . Convalescent plasma . Remdesivir . Chloroquine . Hydroxychloroquine
Introduction A dangerous outbreak of atypical pneumonia of unknown origin was first identified in a group of patients in Wuhan city, China, at the end of December 2019 [1]. Chinese Centre for Disease Control identified a novel coronavirus, initially called 2019-nCoV, as a cause of this outbreak. Later, it was officially renamed to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV2) that is the causative factor of a disease known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) [2]. Due to its high transmission potential, the SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global health threat within weeks [3]. Consequently, the World This article is part of the Topical Collection on COVID-19 * Mohammad Safiqul Islam [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic disease on 11 March 2020. As of 25 July 2020, about 15,802,717 con
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