A Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data Based on Qim and Matching Detection
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A Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data Based on Qim and Matching Detection Chengsong Yang 1 & Changqing Zhu 2 Jingwei Zhu 1 & Kaimeng Ding 3
& Yingying Wang
3
& Ting Rui
1
&
Received: 25 April 2018 / Revised: 1 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Vector geographic data are the fundamental achievements of national information infrastructure, and they play an important role in society’s development. How to protect the copyright of vector geographic data has become a popular issue in the age of big data, and digital watermarking technology can be used to solve this problem. In this paper, a robust and blind watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data is proposed based on the technology of coordinate mapping and matching detection. First, the basic principle for resisting data translation based on quantization index modulation (QIM) and matching detection was analyzed. Second, a watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data was designed based on coordinate mapping, QIM and matching detection. Finally, we performed experiments to test the robustness and adaptability of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm is not only robust against the watermarking attacks of data compression, data adding, data deleting, data cropping, feature deleting and data translation but also against composite attack. The proposed algorithm is also suitable for small vector geographic datasets such as point-based data. Keywords Composite attack . Digital watermarking . Matching detection . Robustness . Vector geographic data
* Changqing Zhu [email protected] * Yingying Wang [email protected] Chengsong Yang [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction Vector geographic data is the fundamental achievement of national information infrastructure and earth science research, and it plays an important role in economic development and national defense construction. Its security involves national security, copyright protection, information sharing, etc. Digital watermarking technology, which has been the emerging security technology since the 1990s, plays an increasingly important role in the fields of copyright protection and the usage tracking of vector geographic data [5]. Digital watermarking technology for vector geographic data has become a popular issue in the geospatial data security domain in recent years. Currently, many researchers have conducted research on digital watermarking technology for vector geographic data, and a number of watermarking algorithms have been proposed in this emerging field. In general, watermarking algorithms can be classified into two categories: the geospatial domain and the frequency domain [14]. The concept of geospatial domain watermarking algorithms is to embed watermarks within vector geographic data by directly modifying the vertex coordinates. The
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