A scalable semantic data fusion framework for heterogeneous sensors data
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A scalable semantic data fusion framework for heterogeneous sensors data Ibrahim Ahmed Al‑Baltah1 · Abdul Azim Abd Ghani2 · Ghilan Mohammed Al‑Gomaei3 · Fua’ad Hassan Abdulrazzak4 · Abdulmonem Ali Al Kharusi5 Received: 18 August 2019 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Data fusion is a fundamental research topic especially in the Internet of Things (IoT). A massive quantity of data is increasingly being generated by heterogeneous sensors which make data integration more difficult. A noticeable body of research has attempted to mitigate the incompatibility between the collected data to facilitate meaningful data integration between machines by using the semantic web technologies. However, there are still some critical issues including scalability and measurement unit conflicts. Therefore, this paper proposes a scalable semantic data fusion framework that aims at improving the scalability of data fusion and detecting and reconciling measurement unit conflicts. This framework is fully implemented to demonstrate its scalability during the process of data fusion, and its ability to handle measurement unit conflicts. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the scalability and effectiveness of the proposed framework using real dataset that was collected from different sensors. To evaluate the scalability of the proposed framework, a set of queries was adapted and the average response time was calculated from the execution of every query. Whereas, the total number of the conflicts detected and resolved by the proposed framework were used to evaluate the effectiveness. Experimental results show that the proposed framework improves the scalability of data fusion among heterogeneous sensors’ data, and effective in detecting and resolving data unit conflicts. Keywords Data fusion · Semantic conflicts · IoT · Scalability · Measurement units · Heterogeneous sensors data
1 Introduction
* Ibrahim Ahmed Al‑Baltah [email protected] 1
Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
2
Department of Software Engineering and Information Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
3
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Yemen Academy for Graduate Studies, Sana’a, Yemen
4
Department of Information Technology, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
5
Oman Research and Education Network, Muscat, Oman
Nowadays, we are witnessing a tremendous and rapid advancement of the internet which has been shifted to the Internet of Things (IoT) (Guinard et al. 2011). The IoT is a world where the internet is much more than just a collection of multimedia contents. It exceeds that to include the physical, real-time world using a myriad of small or even tiny computers. Moreover, the Web has also benefited from this advanced infrastructure and has moved forward towards
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