A sewer overflow mitigation during festival and rainfall periods: case study of Karbala
- PDF / 2,410,886 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 99 Downloads / 185 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A sewer overflow mitigation during festival and rainfall periods: case study of Karbala Hussein Abed Obaid Alisawi1,2,3 Received: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 / Published online: 17 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The objective of the present study to assess the performance of a suggested sewer line by using pipe jacking system (PJS) in order to enhance the sewage capacity and mitigate sewer flooding of historic pilgrimage city of Karbala, Iraq. The storm water management model (SWMM5) was used for this purpose. The simulation of exiting sewer system reveals that sewer discharge during peak pilgrimage period is more than 200% of the capacity of existing sewer line. Installation of SLL having a diameter of 2.5 m at a depth ranging between 12 and 22 m by PJS can reduce water depth in sewer pipe by 78%. The reduction of water depth at sewer pipe can reduce sewer overflow up to 70%, if the system is installed and managed properly. The methodology proposed in the paper can be applied in any location having similar problem with necessary modifications. Keywords Pipe jacking system · Sewer overflow management · Sewage flooding · Floating population Abbreviations SWMM5 Storm water management model 5 SOs Sewer overflows C Celsius SSL Suggested sewer line PJS Pipe jacking system
Introduction Sewage flooding is a major problem in festival or pilgrimage cities where sudden influx of visitors and tourists during festival or pilgrimage periods put tremendous pressure on sewerage system and causes sewer overflow (Sharpley and Sundaram 2005; Shinde 2012; VandeWalle et al. 2012; Vijayanand 2012). Inundation of land and road with sewer due to sewer overflow causes sanitary and health problems as well as distress and hardship to urban populations. In many cases, the excess sewer is drained into storm networks
* Hussein Abed Obaid Alisawi [email protected] 1
Alkafeel Center for Studies, Researches and Engineering Consultations, Alabass Holy Shrine Organization, Karbala City Center, Karbala, Iraq
2
Karbala Sewerage, Karbala, Iraq
3
Kerbala University, Karbala, Iraq
or to natural water outlets, which eventually cause urban pollution and ecological imbalance in the long run. Various technical measures have been proposed to adopt or mitigate sewer overflow during extreme events such as larger floating population and extreme rainfall events (Aziz et al. 2011; Abdellatif et al. 2014). The most often used measures include use of tanker trucks, the direct link between sewage and stormwater networks by small pumps, sewage discharge directly into nearby water bodies to alleviate the sewer overflow. Leandro et al. (2009) and Sun et al. (2011) mentioned that technical measures usually prescribed to mitigate sewer overflow and sewage quality are not suitable for many cities, particularly for festival cities which experience huge influx of floating population (Stein and Partner 2015; Vazquez-Prokopec et al. 2010). This is especially true for old and historic cities, where
Data Loading...
