A simplified method of determining the strain-ratio (R-value) in aluminum alloys
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Feed Solution
Crystals
Analysis Sample No.
Vol ml
Cu, g/l
51297 51283 51290 51304 composite*
300 300 300 300 2250
39.4 40.8 41.0 39.0 26.7
Fe, H2SO 4, g/l g/l Wt, g 3.52 3.44 3.30 3.54 3.6
Mother Liquor
Analysis
140.1 40.80 139.7 48.66 127.4 44.61 159.0 42.53 212.66
Cu, Pct
Fe, Pet
Vol ml
22.8 20.8 22.8 24.7 22.0
0.40 74 0.34" 86 0.64 103 0.29 105 0.43 750
Copper Product
Analysis, Calculated
Analysis
Cu g]l
Fe Pet
Fe g/l
15.4 10.0 19.6 8.8 20.5 8.8 21.5 8.8 12.0 9.2
H2SO4 Wt, g/l g 568.0 488.0 372.4 318.0 -
7.65 7.85 10.00 9.10 50.00
0.001 0.001 0.06 0.06 0.02
S Pet
Copper Balance Mother Feed g
0.20 11.80 0.15 12.25 0.68 12.30 0.25 11.70 0.12 60.00
Copper Distribution Mother
Crystals g
Liquor g
Feed Pet
9.33 10.15 10.18 10.55 46.8
1.11 1.68 2.12 2.26 9.0
100 100 100 100 100
Liquor Product Pet Pet 35.0 35.8 18.7 22.5 16.5
65.0 64.2 81.3 77.5 83.5
*There is some discrepancy in the material balance for copper. This is due to the fact that water of hydration in the crystals obtained was not constant, and varied on exposure to the air during handling.
Table II. Analysis of Copper Produced. impurities E~pressed in ppm
Sample No.
Ag AI As Bi Ca Cd Co Cr Fe* Mg Mn Ni Pb S* Sb Si Sn Te Zn
51297
51283
51290
51304
Composite
nfl nf nfl nf nfl nfl nfl nfl
nfl tr nfl nfl tr nfl nfl nfl
10 tr n~ nfl tr nfl nf 600 tr nil 20 6900 20 50 nfl nfl nfl
nfl nfl nfl n~ 600 10 10 nfl 5 0 50 5 tr nfl 10
nil nfl nfl nfl 200 5 5 nf 2 1200 50 10 nfl nfl 10
10
10
tr
tr
nfl nfl 2000 50 50 nfl nf nfl
n~ nfl 1500 10 40 nfl nfl nf
*By chemical methods.
LOW grode Copper 0 x i d l Ore -
the reduction would be used for making H2SO4 n e c e s s a r y for stripping the organic phase. The cost of evaporating the s t r i p solution to crystaP.ize CuSO 4 9nH20 could be the organic phase is added b e f o r e evaporation instead of adding it to the mother liquor. This is due to the d e c r e a s e d solubility of CuSO4 in the p r e s e n c e of HzSO4. For example, the solubility of CuSO4.5H20 e x p r e s s e d in g/100 g s a t u r a t e d solution is 18.47 in water and in a solution containing 50 g H2SO4/100 g s a t u r a t e d solution is 2.7. s The authors acknowledge with thanks the p e r m i s s i o n granted by The Anaconda Company to publish this work. 1. Gmelin: Handbuch derAnorganischen Chemie, vol. 60, Kupfer, part B, pp. 49899, Weinheim, Verlag Chemic, 1965. 2. Kim Vo Van and F. Habashi: Can. J. Chem., 1972, vol. 50, pp. 3872-75. 3. A Seidell and W. F. Linke: Solubilities oflnorganic andMetal-Organic Compounds, vol. 1, p. 970, Van Nostrand, New York, 1958.
A Simplified Method of Determining the Strain-Ratio (R-Value) in Aluminum Alloys B. A. RIGGS
H2SO 4
6o804 IOlUtbon
Looded
BYdefinition the
orgo.ir
s t r a i n r a t i o is, [1]
R 0 = ew/Et o,~on,e
~
F*
So 2
Bleed
u,.
o . ,
a
.r
powa*,
HzS04
I F i g . 1 - - P r o p o s e d f l o w s h e e t f o r t h e r e c o v e r y of p u r e c o p p e r f r o m l o w - g r a d e o r e b y H 2 - r e d u c t i o n of CuSO 4 .fiH20.
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