A Smart Arduino Alarm Clock Using Hypnagogia Detection During Night
This project describes hardware design and implementation of low-cost smart alarm clock based on Arduino platform, which uses passive infrared sensor (PIR) to detect sleep states of users. Sleep is not just a passive process. People can achieve different
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Faculty of Informatics and Management, Center for Basic and Applied Research, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic {adam.drabek,kamil.kuca}@uhk.cz, [email protected] 2 Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Baharu, Johor, Malaysia [email protected]
Abstract. This project describes hardware design and implementation of low-cost smart alarm clock based on Arduino platform, which uses passive infrared sensor (PIR) to detect sleep states of users. Sleep is not just a passive process. People can achieve different states during the night, which are known as Hypnagogia (state from wakefulness to sleep), NREM (non-rapid eye movement), REM (rapid eye movement), Hypnexagogium (awakening state) and dreaming. The main goal for this developed smart alarm clock is to detect these states and adjust alarm time to the best possible moment, when people are in awaking state or in light sleep. Awaking in these states is quite better and people feel much more refreshed. Hardware of this developed alarm clock is composed from LCD LED display, real-time (RTC) clock unit, temperature and humidity sensor, photosensitive module for detection of daytime, touch sensor and WiFi module for time synchronization from NTP (Network Time Protocol) servers. This Smart alarm clock could be used for better and more effective awakening for users. Keywords: Smart alarm clock
Arduino Sensors Sleep REM NREM
1 Introduction Sleep, which can be described as a time from falling asleep to awakening, could be divided to several phases, which may change during the night. The most common phases are REM (rapid eye movement) and NREM (non-rapid eye movement) [1]. Phase NREM is characterized by decline of brain function, physical calmness and relaxation. This phase is also divided by American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) into 1–3 stages by the depth of sleep, where NREM stage 1 occurs mostly in the beginning of sleep followed by NREM stage 2 (light sleep) and NREM stage 3, which is also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS) or deep sleep phase. All these NREM stages are in common characterized by non-rapid eye movements. Second phase REM (also known as paradoxical sleep or desynchronized sleep) is characterized by brain activity at the level of wakefulness with rapid eye movements © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 H. Fujita et al. (Eds.): IEA/AIE 2016, LNAI 9799, pp. 514–526, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42007-3_45
A Smart Arduino Alarm Clock Using Hypnagogia Detection
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and loss of muscle tone for almost all the muscles controlled by our will. These stages (NREM and REM) typically alternate in cycles of four to five times per night [2]. Next common state during a sleep is dreaming, which mostly occurs during REM stage of sleep. More information about dreaming can be found in article [3]. According to some theories, dreaming has regenerative function for the body and brain reorders, sorts and recovers the stored information [9]. To complete enumeration phase, we
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