A statistical analysis of time trends in atmospheric ethane
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A statistical analysis of time trends in atmospheric ethane Marina Friedrich1,2 · Eric Beutner2 · Hanno Reuvers4 · Stephan Smeekes3 · Jean-Pierre Urbain3 · Whitney Bader5 · Bruno Franco6 · Bernard Lejeune7 · Emmanuel Mahieu7 Received: 8 March 2019 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 / Published online: 27 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Ethane is the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon in the Earth’s atmosphere and an important precursor of tropospheric ozone through various chemical pathways. Ethane is also an indirect greenhouse gas (global warming potential), influencing the atmospheric lifetime of methane through the consumption of the hydroxyl radical (OH). Understanding the development of trends and identifying trend reversals in atmospheric ethane is therefore crucial. Our dataset consists of four series of daily ethane columns. As with many other decadal time series, our data are characterized by autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, and
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02806-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Support to the Li`ege team has been primarily provided by the F.R.S. - FNRS (Brussels) under Grant J.0147.18. Emmanuel Mahieu is a Research Associate with F.R.S. - FNRS. The vital support from the GAW-CH programme of MeteoSwiss is acknowledged. Mission expenses at the Jungfraujoch station were funded by the F´ed´eration Wallonie-Bruxelles. We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG, Bern) for supporting the facilities needed to perform the observations. W. Bader has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 704951, and from the University of Toronto through a Faculty of Arts & Science Postdoctoral Fellowship Award. We gratefully acknowledge D. Smale (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric research, NIWA, Lauder, NZ), J.W. Hannigan (National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA) and K. Strong (University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada) for providing FTIR data for the Lauder, Thule and Toronto stations, respectively. Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change data are publicly available at http://www.ndacc.org. The NIWA FTIR program is funded through the New Zealand government’s core research grant framework from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTS observation program at Thule is supported under contract by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Thule work is further supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP). Measurements at Toronto were made at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory, funded by CFCAS, ABB Bomem, CFI, CSA, ECCC, NSERC, ORDCF, PREA, and the University of Toronto. Marina Friedrich
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