A Study on the Effect of Incorporation of SiC Particles during Friction Stir Welding of Al 5059 Alloy
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A Study on the Effect of Incorporation of SiC Particles during Friction Stir Welding of Al 5059 Alloy Manu Srivastava 1 & Sandeep Rathee 2 Received: 28 January 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) was performed in the current research on Al 5059 alloy. Nano-sized SiC (n-SiC) particles were incorporated during FSW for improving mechanical characteristics of welds. Effect of tool rotating speed and multiple FSW passes was studied on SiC dispersion, micro structural changes and mechanical characteristics of composite joints. Results reflected that rotational speed and multiple FSW passes have significant impact over the distribution of SiC reinforcement. Further, the pattern of SiC distribution in the base metal strongly affects the micro structural evolution and mechanical characteristics of welds. An increase of ~55% in microhardness values was achieved in the stir zone of composite joint. Correspondingly, higher ultimate tensile strength (342 MPa) value was obtained as compared to base metal (321 MPa). The increase in mechanical characteristics is mainly owing to grain refinement caused by recrystallization and pinning effect of SiC particles. Micro structural study was carried out using metallurgical microscope and dispersion of n-SiC was observed using TEM. The results of mechanical testing of the present study are in strong corroboration with the micro structural analysis. Keywords Friction stir welding . Al-mg alloy . Mechanical properties . Nano-SiC . Microstructure . Recrystallization . Multi-pass FSW
1 Introduction Friction stir welding (FSW) has established itself as a major breakthrough amongst solid state joining techniques especially in welding of light weight metallic alloys [1–3]. FSW was patented by Thomas et al. [4] in 1991. Initially, it was developed and researched for welding of light weight materials such as welding of heat treatable Al 2xxx and 7xxx series alloys which show difficulty to join using conventional welding methods [5]. However, with the passage of time FSW proved to be a successful process over conventional joining techniques for welding of other materials such as Pb, Cu, Mg and even steel, Ti, Zr, etc. alloys [6–9]. In addition, the other variants of FSW such as friction stir processing [10],
* Sandeep Rathee [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, India
friction stir spot welding [11], friction stir welding using terlayers [12], friction stir channeling [13], and some advance processes based on FSW principles such as additive friction stir are getting popularity [14, 15]. This is mainly owing to the solid nature of FSW, that offers several advantages over conventional fusion based welding techniques [6]. A remarkable feature of FSW is elimination of solidification related defects, deleterious phases and undesira
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