A Study on the Electrodeposited Cu-Zn Alloy Thin Films
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THERE are many technological processes to fabricate metallic alloy thin films. Electrodeposition is the most commonly used one due to technical and environmental advantages. The electrochemical deposition method has some considerable benefits such as low-cost, convenience and allows for controlling of multiple experimental parameters. Improved performance of the electrodeposited alloys mainly depends on the controlled deposition parameters. The mechanism of the growth and nucleation of the alloys as well as their homogeneity in the metal matrix can be modified by many parameters such as electrolyte composition, electrode design, pH, the electrolyte type, applied potential, deposition temperature, type of the counter electrode, and the applied current density.[1] Area of the anodic current density can be controlled by adjusting geometry and location of the anode (electrode).[2] Being an interesting material, Cu-Zn alloys have widely been studied as a coating material over the last two decades due to superior properties. Consisting of a RASIM O¨ZDEMIR, Assistant Professor, is with the Kilis Vocational High School, 7 Aralik University, Kilis 79000, Turkey. _ ISMAIL HAKKI KARAHAN, Professor, is with the Department of Physics, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay 31000, Turkey. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ORHAN KARABULUT, Professor, is with the Department of Physics, Pamukkale University, Denizli 22000, Turkey. Manuscript submitted May 8, 2015. Article published online September 6, 2016 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
great number of features of the Zn alloys, especially Cu-Zn alloys, are very attractive materials for industrial applications, such as corrosion protection of steel, adhesion to steel, decorative values, and as electrodes for batteries.[3] Old commercial electrodeposition methods for deposition of the Cu-Zn thin film alloys in cyanide-based electrolytes produces useful coatings, but usage and disposal of the cyanide is not practical and environmental pollutions emerge.[4] Hence, a great effort has been made in research of the reasonable alternative electrolytes.[4–16] These non-cyanide baths have been resulted fabrication of the satisfactory depositions. Because of the low reproducibility, poor adhesion, and unusual colorations problems, non-cyanide baths have not been accepted in a commercial manner. Some researchers designed a cyanide-free alkaline Cu–Zn electrolyte with sorbitol as the complexing agent.[4] Most of these reports have revolved around electrolytic solutions of glycerol,[5–7] sorbitol,[7] glucoheptonate,[8] pyrophosphate,[9,10] citrate-based cysteine and benzotriazole,[11] tartrate,[12,13] ionic-liquid choline acetate,[14] trilonate,[15] D-mannitol,[7,16] glycine,[17,18] gluconate-sulfate,[19] and citrate.[20–24] Among them, citrate baths were used in the electrodeposition of the Cu,[25] Zn,[26] and Cu-Zn alloys[27,28] because ligands of the citrate ions have low molecular mass.[29] It is possible to deposit excellent Cu-Zn alloy coatings from citrate-based electrolytes.[11] Sever
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