A Study on the Recrystallization Behavior of Ni-Based Alloy G3 During Hot Deformation
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JMEPEG (2016) 25:5145–5156 DOI: 10.1007/s11665-016-2412-x
A Study on the Recrystallization Behavior of Ni-Based Alloy G3 During Hot Deformation He Jiang, Jianxin Dong, Maicang Zhang, Zhihao Yao, and Wang Jue (Submitted June 27, 2016; in revised form September 25, 2016; published online October 27, 2016) An integrated microstructure evolution model of thermomechanical processing was developed in terms of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), post-dynamic recrystallization (PDRX) and grain growth. Hot compression tests were carried out on a Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different conditions to model DRX, PDRX and short-time grain growth during the post-deformation and cooling process. Furthermore, in combination with the established microstructure evolution models, an elastic–plastic finite element model was built using DEFORM-2D software to simulate the microstructure evolution during the hot extrusion process. The simulation result was compared with the microstructure of a hot-extruded pipe of alloy G3 manufactured in a factory. The simulation results agree well with the experimental ones, validating the accuracy of the established microstructure evolution model. Furthermore, the finite element simulation is an effective method for hot deformation analysis, which can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization manufacturing parameters. Keywords
dynamic recrystallization, finite element simulation, grain growth, post-dynamic recrystallization
1. Introduction Alloy G3 is a solution-strengthened nickel-based corrosionresistant alloy developed by Haynes International Inc. Nickelbased corrosion-resistant alloys are widely used for oil pipes in the petroleum industry due to their excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, good corrosion resistances in various environments and high specific strengths (Ref 1). The limited reports about alloy G3 mainly focus on its corrosion resistance (Ref 2) and mechanical properties (Ref 3), and little attention has been paid to the hot working characteristics. However, pipes of alloy G3 are obtained by forging, hot extrusion, cold rolling and heat treatment, during which the hot extrusion process plays a significant role. Furthermore, the high-temperature plasticity of alloy G3 is relatively poor, and cracks easily occur during the high-strain-rate hot extrusion process. The high content of alloying elements provides perfect properties for alloy G3 but also results in difficulty controlling the microstructure during hot extrusion (Ref 4). In addition, the microstructure of alloy G3 is sensitive to the deformation parameters. The properties and microstructures of the alloy can be controlled by tuning the deformation parameters (Ref 5). Therefore, studying the hot deformation behaviors of the alloy for the design and optimization of the hot working process is worthwhile. The enrollment of finite element simulation provides a useful method for microstructure prediction to avoid improper manufacturing parameters and helps to considerably He Jiang, Jianxin Dong, Maicang Zh
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