A Time-Domain Fingerprint for BOC Signals
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Research Article A Time-Domain Fingerprint for BOC(m, n) Signals B. Muth,1 P. Oonincx,1 and C. Tiberius2 1 Faculty
of Military Sciences, Netherlands Defence Academy, Het Nieuwe Diep 8, 1781 AC Den Helder, The Netherlands of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS), Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
2 Department
Received 3 November 2006; Accepted 10 April 2007 Recommended by Sudharman Jayaweera Binary offset carrier (BOC) describes a class of spread-spectrum modulations recently introduced for the next generation of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). The design strategies of these BOC signals have so far focused on the spectral properties of these signals. In this paper, we present a time-domain fingerprint for each BOC signal given by a unique histogram of counted time elapses between phase jumps in the signal. This feature can be used for classification and identification of BOC-modulated signals with unknown parameters. Copyright © 2007 B. Muth et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1.
INTRODUCTION
In the scope of emerging radionavigation satellite systems, the binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation is of special interest. The new generation of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), modernized GPS [1], and the European Galileo system [2] will use BOC (or BOC-based) signals on different carriers and with different parameters, to enable ranging. The main reasons for creating BOC signals were, on one hand, the need to improve traditional GNSSs signals properties for better resistance to multipath interferences of all kinds and receiver noise [3, 4], and on the other hand, the need for improved spectral sharing of the allocated bandwidth with existing signals or future signals of the same class [3, 5]. Particularly, correlation and spectral properties were improved during the BOC design process. The improvements for the acquisition and tracking of future GNSSs signals have been assessed and new algorithms have been elaborated. We study the behaviour of BOC signals from a different point of view, namely, by counting and accumulating time elapses between phase jumps in the signal. The paper is organised as follows. After introducing BOC(m, n) signals in Section 2, we study the statistical behaviour of the length of time intervals between phase jumps in BOC(m, n) signals in Sections 3 and 4. We refer to these time intervals as run lengths and will not focus on their computation. Studying these run lengths will be based upon arithmetic relationships between the BOC parameters m
and n, using some elementary combinatorial relations. In Section 5, convergence results for the obtained statistics are derived as a function of the number of measured code chips. Furthermore, we present examples of distributions of run lengths derived for specific parameters m and n to illustrate the resu
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