A two-step morphology-PCR strategy for the identification of nematode larvae recovered from muscles after artificial dig
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HELMINTHOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
A two-step morphology-PCR strategy for the identification of nematode larvae recovered from muscles after artificial digestion at meat inspection Grégory Karadjian 1 & Carolyn Kaestner 2 & Lisa Laboutière 1 & Emilie Adicéam 1 & Tom Wagner 2 & Annette Johne 2 & Myriam Thomas 1 & Bruno Polack 1 & Anne Mayer-Scholl 2 & Isabelle Vallée 1 Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To ensure that meat from livestock and game is safe for human consumption, European legislation lays down rules for mandatory testing. Helminth larvae are a category of zoonotic foodborne pathogens that can contaminate meat. Among helminths, the only zoonotic nematode regulated in Europe regarding meat inspection is Trichinella spp.. It is precisely during Trichinella testing that other potentially zoonotic larvae can be found. Due to current lack of tools, their identification is often very complicated. Nematode larvae other than Trichinella, recovered from artificial digestions of pig and wild boar muscles from France and Germany, were subjected to a newly developed two-step identification scheme, which includes both morphological examination and molecular assays. The first step is a general orientation towards a broad taxonomic group; the second step consists of targeted identification based on the results of first step. Different parasites were identified, some of which were not zoonotic such as Metastrongylus spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum, but others are known to be zoonotic such as Toxocara cati, Ascaris suum, and Uncinaria stenocephala. The strategy is efficient for the identification of nematode larvae recovered from muscles but could also be applied for larvae from other sources. Keywords Nematodes . Morphology . Identification . Molecular biology . Wild boars
Introduction Foodborne zoonotic parasites remain a concern for health services as their global distribution continues to pose public health problems (Robertson 2018; Bouwknegt et al. 2016). Their transmission to humans is often linked to their prevalence, to the control measures, and to consumption habits such as eating raw or undercooked meats. Some foodborne zoonotic parasites are subjected to compulsory control at the point of slaughter with either a visual inspection of meat (Cysticercus cysts, Section Editor: Dante Zarlenga * Grégory Karadjian [email protected] 1
JRU BIPAR, ANSES, INRAE, Animal Health Laboratory, UMR Bipar, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
2
Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
Sarcocystis spp., Echinococcus spp.) or fish filets (Anisakidae) or the direct detection in meat samples (Trichinella spp.) being performed (as referenced by the legislations). These controls are carried out within the framework of the European Commission (CE 854/2004) or International legislations (OIE, Codex Alimentarius) and are p
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