Abrasive Wear Resistance of Ferrous Microstructures with Similar Bulk Hardness Levels Evaluated by a Scratch-Tester Meth
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ABRASIVE wear is a predominant wear phenomenon that is observed especially in mining- and mineral-processing industries. This phenomenon takes place when a hard particle abrades a relatively softer surface resulting in severe material damage, thereby leading to a financial loss.[1–4] In general, a tribological abrasive system is governed by two major components, namely the material (i.e., microstructure) and abrasive environment characteristics. Apart from the abrasive environment, the abrasive resistance of a ferrous alloy (i.e., steel) is greatly determined by a combination of its mechanical properties such as hardness, fracture toughness etc., which are predominantly influenced by the metallurgical structures/phases in a steel alloy.[5–9] Extensive studies have been reported to formulate a direct correlation between the abrasive wear resistance and the bulk hardness of ferrous microstructures.[10–18]
BALAJI NARAYANASWAMY is with the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia and also with the Waikato Centre for Advance Materials, School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ALIREZA GHADERI, PETER HODGSON, PAVEL CIZEK, QI CHAO, and HOSSEIN BELADI are with the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University. MOHAMMAD SAFI is with the ArcelorMittal Hamburg GmbH, Dradenaustraße 33, 21129 Hamburg, Germany. Manuscript submitted December 10, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
However, this theory holds largely true for single-phase materials.[19] During the abrasive process, the microstructure characteristics progressively alter, resulting in a change in the mechanical properties.[20–25] In general, the sub-surface layer of a ferrous alloy often experiences severe deformation leading to an increase in its hardness. This implies that the microstructure is quite dynamic in nature, and its abrasive resistance cannot be only bulk hardness dependent.[26,27] Moreover, in the case of a multiphase microstructure, this observation is more complex as each individual metallurgical structure also play a vital role on their abrasion wear behavior.[28] Therefore, it is essential to understand the impact of the microstructure constituents on the process of material removal during abrasion process. One of the major drawbacks in the existing two-body abrasive wear tests (e.g., pin-on-disk testing) is that the abrasive environment (i.e., abrasive particle characteristics) undergoes appreciable changes (particle deterioration) during the course of a test.[29–32] In addition, the restricted abrasive particle movement and repeated traversals of the material on the same region raises a series of arguments on the abrasive particle efficiency in two-body wear tests.[33] This elucidates the complexities involved in existing laboratorial two-body abrasive wear tests. Consequently, this restricts the capabilities of simulating an actual industrial abrasive wear.[34–37] Moreover, the extent of deformation and impact of an ind
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