Abstract Convexity of Functions with Respectto the Set of Lipschitz (Concave) Functions
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stract Convexity of Functions with Respect to the Set of Lipschitz (Concave) Functions V. V. Gorokhovik1,∗ and A. S. Tykoun2,∗∗ Received April 20, 2019; revised May 15, 2019; accepted May 20, 2019
Abstract—The paper is devoted to the abstract H-convexity of functions (where H is a given set of elementary functions) and its realization in the cases when H is the space of Lipschitz functions or the set of Lipschitz concave functions. The notion of regular H-convex functions is introduced. These are functions representable as the upper envelopes of the set of their maximal (with respect to the pointwise order) H-minorants. As a generalization of the global subdifferential of a convex function, we introduce the set of maximal support H-minorants at a point and the set of lower H-support points. Using these tools, we formulate both a necessary condition and a sufficient one for global minima of nonsmooth functions. In the second part of the paper, the abstract notions of H-convexity are realized in the specific cases when functions are defined on a metric or normed space X and the set of elementary functions is the space L(X, R) of Lipschitz functions or the set LC(X, R) of Lipschitz concave functions, respectively. An important result of this part of the paper is the proof of the fact that, for a lower semicontinuous function lower bounded by a Lipschitz function, the set of lower L support points and the set of lower LC-support points coincide and are dense in the effective domain of the function. These results extend the known Brøndsted–Rockafellar theorem on the existence of the subdifferential for convex lower semicontinuous functions to the wider class of lower semicontinuous functions and go back to the Bishop–Phelps theorem on the density of support points in the boundary of a closed convex set, which is one of the most important results of classical convex analysis. Keywords: abstract convexity, support minorants, support points, global minimum, semicontinuous functions, Lipschitz functions, concave Lipschitz functions, density of support points.
DOI: 10.1134/S0081543820040057 INTRODUCTION The notion of convexity of functions and sets plays a key role in many classical areas of mathematics, in particular, in geometry and functional analysis. Convex functions and sets have gained particular importance over the past fifty years due to the intensive development of optimization theory as well as nonsmooth and set-valued analysis. The fulfilment of convexity conditions makes it possible to obtain the most comprehensive results both for convex functions and sets themselves and for problems whose data are convex. In particular, for convex optimization problems, one can obtain not only necessary or only sufficient optimality conditions, as in the general nonconvex case, but also optimality criteria, i.e., optimality conditions that are simultaneously necessary and sufficient. 1 2
Institute of Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072 Belarus Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030 Belarus e-mail: ∗
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