AC-RDV: a novel ant colony system for roadside units deployment in vehicular ad hoc networks
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AC-RDV: a novel ant colony system for roadside units deployment in vehicular ad hoc networks Abderrahim Guerna 1,2
&
Salim Bitam 1 & Carlos T. Calafate 3
Received: 25 July 2019 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a mobile and wireless network that consists of connected vehicles, and stationary nodes called roadside units (RSUs) placed on the aboard of roads to improve traffic safety and to ensure drivers’ and passengers’ comfort. However, deploying RSUs is one of the most important challenges in VANETs due to the involved placement, configuration, and maintenance costs in addition to the network connectivity. This study focuses on the issue of deploying a set of RSUs that is able to maximize network coverage with a reduced cost. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of RSUs deployment issue as a maximum intersection coverage problem through a graph-based modeling. Moreover, we propose a new bio-inspired RSU placement system called Ant colony optimization system for RSU deployment in VANET (AC-RDV). ACRDV is based on the idea of placing RSUs within the more popular road intersections, which are close to popular places like touristic and commercial areas. Since RSU deployment problem is considered as NP-Hard, AC-RDV inspires by the foraging behavior of real ant colonies to discover the minimum number of RSU intersections that ensures the maximum network connectivity. After a set of simulations and comparisons against traditional RSU placement strategies, the results obtained showed the effectiveness of the proposed AC-RDV in terms of number of RSUs placed, the average area coverage, the average connectivity and the overlapping ratio. Keywords VANET . RSU deployment . Intersection-coverage . Ant colony system . Dynamic heuristic function
1 Introduction Across the world, and specially in urban areas, every home has typically one or more vehicles; this situation is having a worldwide impact on traffic congestion and road accidents, in addition to having a negative impact on the environment and, in general, on the safety and well-being of citizens. To face this challenge,
* Abderrahim Guerna [email protected] Salim Bitam [email protected] Carlos T. Calafate [email protected] 1
LESIA Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
2
Department of Computer Science, Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila, M’sila, Algeria
3
Computer Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, Spain
several efforts have been made to improve traffic management and make transport safer and more comfortable. Therefore, new vehicles are integrated as part of a new system known as an intelligent transportation system (ITS) [1], in which these vehicles operate as nodes of a connected network called vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). VANET is a wireless network based essentially on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) Communication mode tha
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