Accelerated Pavement Testing in Slovakia: APT Tester 105-03-01
This article presents the APT facility constructed and operated by University of Zilina. The machine is called APT tester 105-03-01. The article describes its technical properties, operational capabilities, sensory equipment embedded in the pavement and d
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Abstract This article presents the APT facility constructed and operated by University of Zilina. The machine is called APT tester 105-03-01. The article describes its technical properties, operational capabilities, sensory equipment embedded in the pavement and data gathering procedures. The device has several unique design solutions that make it stand out from similar facilities in the world: (1) The principle of fixed linear APT facility which loading unit is not positioned in a fixed frame, but instead moves itself held only by a guiding rail to better simulate traffic loading. (2) Loading unit consists of fixed and movable frame held by support connected by joints, better simulating suspension like those found on truck axles. (3) The construction of the electric motor, gear box and frequency inverter and its mounting system on the loading unit. Frequency converter controlled acceleration and deceleration ramps and speed during movement. (4) Hydraulic stabilization system stabilizing the movable frame, since the load tends to tip the loading unit in the acceleration and deceleration stage. (5) Autonomous hydraulic system placed on the outer frame able to lift the loading unit and allows for free manipulation without burdening the pavement.
1 The History of Accelerated Pavement Testing in Slovakia The history of Accelerated Pavement Testing in Slovakia started in 1984 by construction of the Circular Test Track (CTT) by the VUIS-CESTY, Ltd. research institute. The machine was constructed to perform tests of pavements on a 1:1 scale. The machine elicited load with an actual vehicle axle weighing 115 kN (the EU
L. Remek (&) J. Mikolaj M. Kyselica M. Škarupa University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 0101 Žilina, Slovakia e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 J.P. Aguiar-Moya et al. (eds.), The Roles of Accelerated Pavement Testing in Pavement Sustainability, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42797-3_6
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Fig. 1 Circular Test Track 1984–2006
standard for a permissible axle load). The basis of the CTT mechanical part consisted of three loading vehicles each of which has a driving axle. The vehicle was attached to the arms of a medium anchor clapper. The CTT’s electric part served to drive each vehicle by means of electro-motors and to control the entire CTT mechanical facility (Fig. 1). The facility allowed a transversal shift of the loading vehicles of ±950 mm. The vehicles moved on two doubled wheels equipped with 11.00R—20 tires at a 0.7 MPa inflation pressure. The speed of the vehicle was limited to 60 km/h, but the mean operational speed was 30 km/h. The pavement testing track was 100 m long and 6 m wide. The facility was used to test new pavement types, materials and other road equipment—rail crossing for instance in a 1:1 scale. The facility was in operation till 2006 (Fonód 2005). The most important outputs were pavement degradation curves used in Pavement Management System of Slovakia from 1996. As an example, in Fig. 2 we present the trend line for deg
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