Accurate iron quantification in colloids and nanocomposites by a simple UV-Vis protocol
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Accurate iron quantification in colloids and nanocomposites by a simple UV-Vis protocol Miquel Torras 1 & Carlos Moya 1,2
&
Gustavo A. Pasquevich 1,3 & Anna Roig 1
Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The selection and comparative study is reported of calibration curves to quantify iron by a simple UV-Vis protocol based on the formation of iron (III) chloride complexes. The reliability of each calibration curve was evaluated using statistical and analytical parameters. The robustness of each calibration curve using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) of different sizes and surface functionalization is demonstrated . We have also evaluated the effect of the particle coating and estimated the minimum time to ensure the full oxidation of iron (II) to (III) in sample solutions. Results from UV-Vis are comparable with those obtained from ICP-OES and from other spectroscopic techniques to quantify the iron. We advocate the proposed protocol as a simple and non-expensive route to determine accurately the iron content in colloidal and nanocomposite iron-based materials. Keywords Iron quantification . Iron oxide nanoparticles . Iron (III) chloride complexes . Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy . Inductively coupled plasma optical emission
Introduction SPIONs with magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) crystal structures have been the focus of many research studies not only because of their interesting properties—high saturation magnetization at room temperature, low magnetic anisotropy, ease to make and functionalize, and good biocompatibility [1–3] but also for their wide scope of uses in many sectors from electronics to nanomedicine. Regarding biomedical applications, multiple examples can be found in the purification and isolation of proteins [4], in drug and gene delivery [5], hyperthermia therapy [6, 7], and as a contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [8, 9]. Many Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04454-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Carlos Moya [email protected] 1
Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Carrer dels Til·lers s/n Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
2
École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 165/64, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
3
Instituto de Física La Plata (IFLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Diagonal 113 entre 63 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
chemical and physical properties describing these systems such as nanoparticle concentration, saturation magnetization, or specific relaxivity rely on a prior determination of the iron content [2, 10]. Thus, an accurate, reproducible, and accessible methodology to quantify iron is needed for a good understanding of these properties [10–12]. The most reliable techniques for iron determination are inductively coupled plasma optic
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