Acid in the Environment Lessons Learned and Future Prospects
Acid deposition is a large scale, long term environmental problem with more significant ecological impacts than previously anticipated. Today we recognize that resolution involves a perplexing set of policy issues, since the sources of pollution are often
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ACID IN THE ENVIRONMENT Lessons Learned and Future Prospects
Edited by Gerald R. Visgilio and Diana M. Whitelaw Goodwin-Niering Center for Conservation Biology and Environmental Studies Connecticut College, New London, USA
springer
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006930618 ISBN-10: 0-387-37561-9 ISBN-13: 978-0-387-37561-8
e-ISBN-10: 0-387-37562-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-0-37562-5
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Sprmg Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Table of Contents
Preface
vii
Acknowledgements
ix
List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiii
1. Acid in the Environment: An Overview Gerald R. Visgilio, Jane Dawson, Peter A. Siver and Diana M. Whitelaw 2. Lessons Learned From the Acid Deposition Research Experience: An Historical Perspective Anthony C. Janetos
1
13
PART L ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF ACID DEPOSITION 3. Acidic Deposition: Sources and Ecological Effects Charles T. Driscoll, Kathy Fallon Lambert and Limin Chen
27
4. Long-Term Changes in Boreal Lake and Stream Chemistry: Recovery From Acid Deposition and the Role of Climate Peter J. Dillon, Shaun A. Watmough, M. Catherine Elmers and Julian Aherne
59
5. Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition: Implications for Terrestrial Ecosystem Structure and Functioning Knute J. Nadelhoffer
77
6. Atmospheric Deposition and Nitrogen Pollution in Coastal Marine Ecosystems Robert W. Howarth
97
PART 11. ACID EMISSIONS ENERGY AND POLICY 7. The Politics of Acid Rain in Europe Miranda A. Schreurs 8. Acid Rain in a Wider Europe: The Post-Communist Transition and the Future European Acid Rain Policies Liliana B. Andonova
119
151
vi
Table of Contents 9. Acid Rain Politics in North America: Conflict to Cooperation to Collusion Don Munton 10. Air Quality and Power Production in the United States: Emissions Trading and State-Level Initiatives in the Control of Acid-Producing Emissions, Mercury, and Carbon Dioxide Daniel Sosland
175
203
PART III. SULFUR DIOXIDE AND THE MARKET 11. Market-Based Approaches to Environmental Policy: A "Refresher" Course Paul R. Portney 12. Economic Incentives Versus Command and Control: What's the Best Approach for Solving Environmental Problems? Winston Harrington and Richard D. Morgenstern 13. Benefits and Costs From Sulfur Dioxide Trading: A Distributio
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