Acids and Bases
Most biological fluids are alkaline.
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Acids and Bases
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Contents 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26
Intracellular and Extracellular pH ................................................................................... pH Differences ................................................................................................................ Surrogate Measurement of Intracellular pH.................................................................... Preferential Permeability of the Cell Membrane ............................................................ Ionization and Permeability ............................................................................................ The Reason Why Substances Need to Be Ionized .......................................................... The Exceptions to the Rule ............................................................................................. The Hydrogen Ion (H+, Proton)....................................................................................... Intracellular pH Is Regulated Within a Narrow Range ................................................... A Narrow Range of pH Does Not Mean a Small Range of the H+ Concentration ......... The Earliest Concept of an Acid ..................................................................................... Arrhenius’s Theory ......................................................................................................... Bronsted-Lowry Acids .................................................................................................... Lewis’ Approach ............................................................................................................. The Usanovich Theory .................................................................................................... Summary of Definitions of Acids and Bases .................................................................. Stewart’s Physico-Chemical Approach ........................................................................... The Dissociation of Water............................................................................................... Electrolytes, Non-electrolytes and Ions .......................................................................... Strong Ions ...................................................................................................................... Stewart’s Determinants of the Acid Base Status ............................................................. Apparent and Effective Strong Ion Difference ............................................................... Strong Ion Gap ................................................................................................................ Major Regulators of Independent Variables.................................................................... Fourth Order Polynomial Equation ................................................................................. The Workings of Stewart’s Approa
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