Acoustic Manipulation of Dense Nanorods in Microgravity
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Acoustic Manipulation of Dense Nanorods in Microgravity Gabriel Dumy2 · Nathan Jeger-Madiot1 · Xavier Benoit-Gonin1 · Thomas E. Mallouk3 · Mauricio Hoyos1 · Jean-Luc Aider1 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Because the absence of sedimentation in zero-gravity makes the culture and the manipulation of cells or particles challenging, an attractive alternative is to use the Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) as an artificial “acoustic gravity.” To evaluate the potential of this approach we studied the behavior of dense gold nanorods under ARF during a parabolic flight campaign. Using dense objects enhances the effect of gravity on the axial position of the so-called “levitation plane,” which is the equilibrium position at which ARF balances gravity in the laboratory. Further, using elongated objects, instead of spherical particles provides information about their spatial orientations in addition to their propulsion observed in standard gravity conditions. Our experiments clearly show a different collective organization and individual behavior of the rods in micro-gravity conditions. First, the axial location of the levitation plane is different in microgravity than in hypergravity: it matches the nodal pressure plane in microgravity while it is much lower than the nodal plane in hypergravity. Our experiments also show a sharp transition from horizontal to axial orientation of the rods axis. The propulsion of the rods also stops when transitioning to micro-gravity. A possible explanation for the sudden change of orientation and stopping of propulsion is the modification of the equilibrium between the axial and transverse components of the ARF. While these experiments show that some phenomena, like the propulsion of nanorods by ARF, may not be applicable in microgravity, they do confirm that acoustic manipulation of particles or cells in microgravity is possible, which paves for the development of many useful techniques for particles or cells manipulation, like cell cultures, during long-term space travel. Keywords Acoustofluidics · Acoustic levitation · Self-acoustophoresis · Artificial micro-swimmers · Acoustofluidic propulsion · Nanorods · Microgravity · Zero-g flights · Parabolic flights
Introduction This article belongs to the Topical Collection: The Effect of Gravity on Physical and Biological Phenomena Guest Editor: Valentina Shevtsova Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-020-09835-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Jean-Luc Aider
[email protected] Gabriel Dumy [email protected] Mauricio Hoyos [email protected] 1
Laboratoire PMMH, ESPCI Paris - PSL, Sorbonne Universit´e, Barre Cassan Bˆat. A 7-9 quai St Bernard, 75252 Paris cedec 05, France
2
Universit´e Paris Descartes, Paris, France
3
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Many studies have demonstrated that living organisms, and especially huma
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