Acoustophoretic agglomeration patterns of particulate phase in a host fluid
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RESEARCH PAPER
Acoustophoretic agglomeration patterns of particulate phase in a host fluid Shahrokh Sepehrirahnama1 · Kian‑Meng Lim2 Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ultrasound-assisted processing of particulate phase in a host fluid relies on the induced acoustic force field. Understanding the agglomeration phenomenon in the particulate phase under acoustic forces will provide better insight about the acoustophoresis quality and a way to design a well-controlled process. In this work, a dynamic model consisting of acoustic and hydrodynamic forces is proposed for tracking the motion of micro-spheres under ultrasound fields with planar and non-planar wave fronts. The agglomeration of particles at the nodal plane was simulated taking into account the contact and collisions between spheres. The numerical simulations were conducted for both sound hard and compressible spheres to investigate the behaviors of single and multiple-phase particle populations. For the case of a plane standing-wave, the interaction between solid-bubble allows the solid particles to stay at the velocity node which is their unstable equilibrium location. With a Bessel standing wave as a non-planar pressure field, the agglomeration patterns of particles are generally different from the case of plane standing wave, which implies the significance of the particle tracking simulations for predicting the agglomeration patterns and locations under ultrasound fields with arbitrary wave fronts. Keywords Ultrasound particle manipulation · Acoustifluidics · Acoustic Radiation Force · Bessel Standing Wave · BubbleSolid interaction
1 Introduction Ultrasound has been used for manipulation of suspended micro-particles such as gas bubbles, liquid droplets, biological cells and solid particles in a host fluid (Augustsson et al. 2012; Hartono et al. 2011; Tiong et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2014; Wijaya et al. 2016; Ma et al. 2017; Xuan et al. 2010). Compared to other particle manipulation techniques such as dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis, ultrasound allows manipulating all particles at once in a label-free manner. The underlying physics of ultrasound particle manipulation is the acoustic radiation force (Augustsson et al. 2012; Settnes and Bruus 2012; Doinikov 1994a, b; Wiklund et al. 2012; Hartono et al. 2011; Garcia-Sabaté et al. 2014; Mohapatra * Shahrokh Sepehrirahnama [email protected] 1
Centre for Audio, Acoustics and Vibration (CAAV), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
2
et al. 2018). This force is derived from nonlinear stresses due to the interaction between incident and scattering fields, time-averaged over a wave cycle (Settnes and Bruus 2012; Doinikov 1994a, b; Sepehrirahnama et al. 2015a, b). Each particle in a sound field is subjected to the primary radiation force that is the result of interaction betwe
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