Acute Clenbuterol Induces Hypotension, Atrioventricular Block and Cardiac Asystole in the Rabbit
- PDF / 577,549 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 46 Downloads / 137 Views
Acute Clenbuterol Induces Hypotension, Atrioventricular Block and Cardiac Asystole in the Rabbit Yan Ke • Li-Lan Fu • Xia-Fei Hong • Run Dong • Tian-Ming Xu • Jing-Fei Guo Yan Liu • Ji-Min Cao
•
Published online: 19 September 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Clenbuterol is a long-lasting b-adrenoceptor (b-AR) agonist and was once medicated as a bronchial dilatator, and is also used by body-building enthusiasts and athletes and in livestock breeding because of its anabolic effect on skeletal muscles and ability to promote lipolysis. Though prohibited from pharmacological uses, clenbuterol intoxication cases are frequently reported, and most of the cardiac symptoms are tachyarrhythmia. Here, we reported a different cardiovascular toxic response to clenbuterol. Using a rabbit model, we tested the dose–response pattern of the cardiovascular system to intravenous administration of clenbuterol. Routine arterial blood pressure (BP) and surface electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored. We observed that clenbuterol at a lower dose (0.4 mg/kg, n = 3) did not significantly affect the ECG, but decreased the mean BP roughly by 15–18 mmHg. At a medial dose (3.6 mg/kg, n = 3), clenbuterol induced significant hypotension (mean BP dropped by about 30 mmHg), firstdegree atrioventricular (AV) block and intermittent ectopic activities with a relatively slow rate. The hypotension and arrhythmia recovered slowly, and animals did not die. Higher-dose clenbuterol (10 mg/kg, n = 6) induced severe hypotension, second-degree AV block (Mobitz type II), 2:1
Y. Ke L.-L. Fu X.-F. Hong R. Dong T.-M. Xu J.-F. Guo Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China Y. Liu J.-M. Cao (&) Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China e-mail: [email protected]
ventricular capture and progressive prolongations of P–R intervals and QRS duration, and the animals soon died of cardiac asystole. Different from other reports, we had not observed lethal tachyarrhythmia in all experiments except for the slight heart rate acceleration during the recovery stage of medial clenbuterol dosage. These results indicate that acute intravenous administration of clenbuterol has serious, dose-dependent cardiovascular toxicities and is even life threatening. Keywords Clenbuterol Beta-adrenoceptor Drug abuse Blood pressure Electrocardiogram Arrhythmia AV block Sudden cardiac death
Introduction Clenbuterol can relax bronchial smooth muscle and increase the size of skeletal muscle cells via agonizing b2-adrenoceptor (b2-AR) and stimulate lipolysis via the b3-adrenoceptor (b3-AR) in adipocytes [1]. Because of these pharmacological effects, clenbuterol was once used as a bronchial dilatator in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma [2]. However, increasi
Data Loading...
