Acute Heart Failure

For many years, there has been vast investment into researching chronic congestive heart failure, while acute heart failure has been considered a difficult to handle and hopeless syndrome. However, in recent years acute heart failure has become a growing

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Alexandre Mebazaa, Mihai Gheorghiade, Faiez M. Zannad, and Joseph E. Parrillo (Eds.)

Acute Heart Failure

Alexandre Mebazaa, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Université Paris Diderot Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Lariboisière University Hospital Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Paris, France

Mihai Gheorghiade, MD, FACC Professor of Medicine and Surgery Associate Chief, Division of Cardiology Chief, Cardiology Clinical Service Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA

Faiez M. Zannad, MD, PhD, FESC Professor of Medicine University Henri Poincaré Department of Cardiology Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC) INSERM U-684 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nancy, France

Joseph E. Parrillo, MD Professor of Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Chief, Department of Medicine Edward D. Viner MD Chair, Department of Medicine Director, Cooper Heart Institute Cooper University Hospital Camden, NJ, USA

Project Coordinator Wendy A. Gattis Stough, PharmD Department of Clinical Research Campbell University School of Pharmacy Cary, NC, USA

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Acute heart failure 1. Heart failure – Treatment 2. Heart failure I. Mebazaa, Alexandre 616.1´2906 ISBN-13: 9781846287817 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007929111 ISBN: 978-1-84628-781-7

e-ISBN: 978-1-84628-782-4

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Foreword

Acute heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its incidence is increasing as the population ages. This represents a huge clinical and economic burden for all health care systems. With its high prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality, acute heart failure requires better therapies. Greater awareness of the disease process, better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and improved management of patients with heart failure are urgently needed to ensure that the outcomes