Acute Pulmonary Vasodilator Testing With Inhaled Treprostinil in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Acute Pulmonary Vasodilator Testing With Inhaled Treprostinil in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Shinichi Takatsuki • Donna K. Parker Aimee K. Doran • Robert H. Friesen • D. Dunbar Ivy



Received: 2 October 2012 / Accepted: 9 November 2012 / Published online: 27 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012

Abstract Acute pulmonary vasodilator testing (AVT) is essential to determining the initial therapy for children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aimed to report the initial experience with inhaled treprostinil used for AVT in children with PAH and to evaluate the hemodynamic change after inhaled treprostinil compared with inhaled nitric oxide. This prospective cohort study was designed for 13 children who underwent AVT with inhaled treprostinil or oxygen plus inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) during catheterization. Inhaled treprostinil was delivered during cardiac catheterization by adapting the Optineb ultrasonic nebulizer via either a flow-inflating bag or the manual mode of the anesthesia system. The median age of the patients was 10 years (range 4–17 years). The etiologies of PAH included idiopathic PAH and associated PAH. All the patients tolerated inhaled treprostinil without marked clinical worsening and received six or nine breaths (36 or 54 lg) of treprostinil. The median of the total treprostinil doses was 1.53 lg/kg (range 0.71–2.89 lg/kg).

Inhaled treprostinil was administrated via an endotracheal tube (n = 8), anesthesia mask (n = 3), or laryngeal mask airway (n = 2). Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and inhaled treprostinil significantly decreased the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary vascular resistance index compared with baseline. Three adverse events were reported after inhaled treprostinil, including cough and mild to moderate hypotension with higher doses. All adverse events resolved without any intervention. This study report is the first to describe the use of inhaled treprostinil for AVT in children with PAH. In this small pediatric cohort, inhaled treprostinil was effectively delivered and well tolerated and may be useful for AVT. Keywords Acute pulmonary vasodilator testing  Children  Iloprost  Inhaled treprostinil  Nitric oxide  Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Introduction S. Takatsuki  D. D. Ivy (&) Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B100, Aurora, CO 80045, USA e-mail: [email protected] D. K. Parker Respiratory Care, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA A. K. Doran United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA R. H. Friesen Pediatric Anesthesia, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

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Advances in pulmonary vascular biology have led to novel therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which have led to improved survival in children. Epoprostenol, a prostacyclin analog, has been used for almost two decades to treat of P