Adaptive Blind Multiuser Detection over Flat Fast Fading Channels Using Particle Filtering
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Adaptive Blind Multiuser Detection over Flat Fast Fading Channels Using Particle Filtering Yufei Huang Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249-06615, USA Email: [email protected]
Jianqiu (Michelle) Zhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA Email: [email protected]
Isabel Tienda Luna Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain Email: [email protected]
Petar M. Djuri´c Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2350, USA Email: [email protected]
Diego Pablo Ruiz Padillo Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain Email: [email protected] Received 30 April 2004; Revised 16 September 2004 We propose a method for blind multiuser detection (MUD) in synchronous systems over flat and fast Rayleigh fading channels. We adopt an autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) process to model the temporal correlation of the channels. Based on the ARMA process, we propose a novel time-observation state-space model (TOSSM) that describes the dynamics of the addressed multiuser system. The TOSSM allows an MUD with natural blending of low-complexity particle filtering (PF) and mixture Kalman filtering (for channel estimation). We further propose to use a more efficient PF algorithm known as the stochastic M-algorithm (SMA), which, although having lower complexity than the generic PF implementation, maintains comparable performance. Keywords and phrases: multiuser detection, time-observation state-space model, fading channel estimation, particle filtering, mixture Kalman filter.
1.
INTRODUCTION
When multiuser detection (MUD) was introduced in the eighties, it has received a great deal of attention due to its ability to reduce multiple access interference (MAI) and potential for increasing the capacity of CDMA systems. Since then, numerous detectors have been proposed in the literature for both synchronous and asynchronous transmission This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
and some popular ones include the decorrelating detector, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, the multistage detector, and the decision feedback detector [1]. In practice, distortion in signal strength due to timevarying fading channels must be attended while performing MUD. Even though noncoherent detection methods as proposed in [2] are often appealing owing to their simplicity since no inference on fading channels is needed, coherent detection has been proved to deliver better performance [3]. With coherent detection, estimation of channels can be obtained with or without pilot signals. Between them, significant amount of research has been devoted to
Blind Multiuser Detection by Particle Filtering schemes without using pilot signals, or
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