ADHD Symptoms do not Moderate Outcomes to Behavioral Parent Training Delivered in the Voluntary Sector
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ORIGINAL PAPER
ADHD Symptoms do not Moderate Outcomes to Behavioral Parent Training Delivered in the Voluntary Sector Christoffer Scavenius1 Anil Chacko ●
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E. Parham Horn2
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Accepted: 28 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the moderating role of baseline levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms on parent- and child-level outcomes following the Caring in Chaos behavioral parent training intervention at immediate post-intervention and follow-up assessment. One-hundred sixty-one children between the ages of 3–9 (Mean age = 7.6; 73% male) with parental concerns of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were randomly assigned to the Caring in Chaos behavioral parent training intervention, a task-shifted intervention delivered by a volunteer workforce across 12 community-based settings in Denmark, or to a wait-list control condition. Parent report of parenting behavior, sense of competence, stress, depressive symptoms as well as child attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and child noncompliance were collected at baseline, immediate post-intervention and at follow-up assessment points. Analyses indicated no moderating effect of baseline attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms on parent- and child-outcomes, with no to large effects at post-treatment with maintenance of effects at follow-up assessment. The results of these analyses suggest that the Caring in Chaos behavioral parent training intervention can be utilized with young children with varying levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. These findings further support that community-based interventions delivered by nonprofessionals may serve as a beneficial option to increase availability and access to behavioral parent training for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Keywords ADHD, Parent training Moderator Community-based, Paraprofessional ●
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Highlights Community-based BPT programs delivered by volunteers are a feasible alternative to commercial interventions. ● Homegrown interventions can improve access to treatments that typically require extensive cost and time. ● Baseline ADHD symptoms did not moderate parent and child outcomes of the Caring in Chaos intervention. ●
Behavioral parent training (BPT) has been recognized as evidence-based treatment for ADHD (Chacko et al. 2015a, b; Webster-Stratton et al. 2011). Research on BPT with children with ADHD has demonstrated the shortterm, positive effects of BPT on children’s disruptive
* Anil Chacko [email protected] 1
SFI–The Danish National Centre for Social Research, Herluf Trollesgade 11, DK-1052 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, 246 Greene Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
behaviors, emotional functioning, and peer competence (Chacko et al. 2015a, b; Webster-Stratton et al. 2011). Additional
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