Adolescent Risk of Dating Violence and Electronic Dating Abuse: A Latent Class Analysis
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EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Adolescent Risk of Dating Violence and Electronic Dating Abuse: A Latent Class Analysis Elyse Joan Thulin
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Justin E. Heinze1 Poco Kernsmith2 Joanne Smith-Darden3 Paul J. Fleming1 ●
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Received: 9 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Electronic forms of dating violence among youth are common yet little is known about how these forms of violence overlap with the commonly studied domains of physical, sexual and verbal teen dating violence. Using factor analysis and latent class analysis, this study identifies patterns of electronic, verbal, physical and sexual dating violence victimization and perpetration in 9th and 12th graders. Data are from 470 9th (n = 190; 60.5% female; mean age = 12.0 years, age range: 11.3–13.8) and 12th graders (n = 280; 63.9% female; mean age = 14.9 years, age range: 14.0–16.6) from southeastern Michigan. A 5-class solution for 9th graders and a 6-class solution for 12th graders were selected given fit and interpretability. Classes were characterized by domain(s) of violence, as opposed to perpetration or victimization. Three domains of electronic dating aggression were identified: monitoring, harassment, and coercion. Electronic dating aggression was present in the majority of classes, and overlapped substantially with other domains of violence. The highest risk class had risk of victimization and perpetration for all types of dating violence (electronic monitoring, electronic harassment, electronic coercion, verbal violence, physical violence and sexual violence). Drug use and experiencing one or more adverse childhood experiences predicted membership in a higher risk group for the older cohort, while alcohol consumption predicted higher risk for the younger cohort. The findings from this study show overlap between dating violence domains and imply that domains of electronic dating violence are important to consider in conjunction with physical, sexual and verbal domains, to address teen dating violence. Keywords
Dating violence Intimate relationships Electronic dating aggression Technology Perpetration ●
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Introduction The experience of violence within intimate relationships often begins during middle and high school (termed dating violence). Nationally representative data demonstrate that most women who experience in-person forms of intimate partner violence do so before the age of 25, with 25.8% having experienced violence before the age of 17 (Smith
* Elyse Joan Thulin [email protected] 1
University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Wayne State University, School of Social Work, 5447 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Michigan State University, School of Social Work, 655 Auditorium Road East Lansing, Ann Arbor, MI 48824, USA
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et al. 2018). The recent proliferation of social media use and the integral role electronic communi
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