Adsorption effect of NO 2 on ZnO (100 nm) nanowires, leading towards reduced reverse leakage current and voltage enhance
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Ó Indian Academy of Sciences Sadhana(0123456789().,-volV)F T3](0123456789().,-volV)
Adsorption effect of NO2 on ZnO (100 nm) nanowires, leading towards reduced reverse leakage current and voltage enhancement MANSOOR AHMAD1,*, M K AHMAD1, N NAFARIZAL1, C F SOON1, A B SURIANI2, A MOHAMED2, M H MAMAT3, MUHAMMAD AZHAR IQBAL4 and MUSARRAT JABEEN5 1
Microelectronic and Nanotechnology–Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 2 Department of Physics, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia 3 Nano-ElecTronic Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 4 School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 5 Department of Physics, Goverment Degree College for Women, Haveli Lakha, Pakistan *Author for correspondence ([email protected]@UTHM.edu.my) MS received 28 January 2020; accepted 30 March 2020 Abstract. Here, we report the adsorption effect of NO2 on ZnO (100 nm) nanowires. We have studied the effect of adsorbed NO2 molecules on ZnO nanowire-based energy harvester for an exposure time of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h in a sealed chamber at 50 ppm which yielded piezoelectric voltage of 543.6 mV, 834.6 mV, 1.071 V, 1.78 V, 1.969 V and 2.835 V, respectively. We have thoroughly investigated the behaviour of ZnO nanowires in the presence of NO2 and observed a maximum output piezoelectric voltage of 2.835 V with a power density 158.2 mW cm-2. This is the first time that ZnObased piezoelectric energy harvester is being used for the voltage enhancement in the presence of NO2. We have used vertically integrated nanowire generator (VING) structure. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the growth orientation of ZnO nanowires were along the c-axis from the substrate. ZnO nanowires were grown on indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate substrates via a hydrothermal route. Surface morphology has been examined by scanning electron microscopy images and diameter of ZnO nanowires was found to be around 100 nm. Piezoelectric voltage has been generated by the VING by applying minute external force of *50 nN. Periodic output voltage peaks were being measured by picoscope 5204. Keywords.
1.
Piezoelectric potential; VING; nanogenerator; adsorption of NO2.
Introduction
In the era of nanotechnology, there are three most promising nanostructures, silicon nanowires [1–3], carbon nanotubes [4–10] and ZnO nanowires [11–13]. ZnO nanowires exhibiting both piezoelectric and semiconducting properties have been extensively used for nanogenerators [14,15], selfpowered nanodevices, biomedical applications [16] and in gas sensors [17,18]. ZnO in its wurtzite structure shows a lack of charge symmetry which generates a piezoelectric potential within the crystal. Piezoelectric phenomenon is vital to use ZnO wurtzite crystal as mechanical t
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