Advanced Evoked Potentials
Over the last twenty to thirty years the progressivcly increasing availability of averaging machines has made evoked potential testing available not only in the major neurological diagnostic centers but also in the office of many neuro logists in private
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TOPICS IN NEUROSURGERY Lunsford, L. Dade (ed.) Modern Stereotactic Neurosurgery, 1988, ISBN: 0-89838-950-X.
ADV ANCED EVOKED POTENTIALS edited by HANS LÜDERS Cleveland Clinic Foundation
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KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS BOSTONIDORDRECHT/LONDON
Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, MA, 02061, USA for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Falcon House, Queen's Square, Lancaster LAllRN, UK for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Centre, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Advanced evoked potentials. (Topics in neurosurgery) Includes index. 1. Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology) 2. Brain- Diseases- Diagnosis. I. Lüders, Hans. 11. Series. [DNLM: 1. Evoked Potentials. WL 102 A244] RC386.6.E86A34 1987 616.8'07547 87-22139 ISBN 0-89838-963-1
ISBN 978-1-4684-9009-1 ISBN 978-1-4684-9007-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1 007/978-1-4684-9007-7
© 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a rctrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisc, without the prior written permission ofthe publishers, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, MA 02061, USA
CONTENTS
Contributing Authors Preface
VB IX
1. Theory ofNear-Ficld and Far-Ficld Evoked Potentials JUN KIMURA, THORU YAMADA, D. DAVID WALKER
2. Critical Analysis of the Methods Used to Identify Generator Sources ofEvoked Potential (EP) Peaks
29
HANS LÜDERS, RONALD P. LESSER, DUDLEY S. DINNER, HAROLD H. MORRIS, Ill, ELAINE WYLLIE
3. Critical Analysis ofSomatosensory Evoked Potential Recording Techniques
65
JOHN E. DESMEDT
4. Critical Analysis ofPattern Evoked Potential Recording Techniques
87
IV AN BODIS-WOLLNER
5. Critical Analysis ofShort-Latency Auditory Evoked Potential Recording Techniques
105
ISAO HASHIMOTO
6. Clinical Use ofEvoked Potentials: A Review
143
HAROLD H. MORRIS, Ill, HANS LÜDERS, DUDLEY S. DINNER, RONALD P. LESSER, ELAINE WYLLIE
7. Evoked Potentials in Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis
161
KEITH H. CHIAPPA
8. Evoked Potentials in Non-Demyelinating Diseases
181
FRAN and N 19 of median SEPs, and N 35 and N:17 of ti bi al SEPs, which probably represent thalamic and cortical discharges. In the analysis of scalp-recorded SEPs, one tends to attribute the far-ficld peaks to specific neural structures along the somatosensory pathways. It is not known, however, why the impulse traveling along the first order afferents gives rise to standing potentials at certain points in time in the absence of fixed neural discharges. Such stationary peaks may occur with a sudden change in direction ofthe propagating impulse, at branching points ofthe nerve or as the result of altered conduction properties of the nerve of the surrounding tissue. A postural change
