Advanced immunological studies on Cephalopina titillator with special references to the epidemiological uses of Dot-ELIS
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Advanced immunological studies on Cephalopina titillator with special references to the epidemiological uses of Dot-ELISA in camel sera Marwa M. Attia1 • Heba S. Farag2 • Hitham Abdel-Saeed2 • Elshaimaa Ismael3
Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract Cephalopina titillator (C. titillator) is a common worldwide nasal bot fly larval infestation of camels, which belongs to the family Oestridae. This study aimed to evaluate two new immunologic diagnostic techniques; indirect-ELISA and Dot-ELISA, for the screening of C. titillator infestation in camels. Thirty slaughtered camel heads were examined carefully for the presence of C. titillator larvae. One hundred, third-stage larvae (L3), were dissected for the collection of their salivary glands, for the preparation of the salivary gland antigen. Blood samples were obtained for hematological and serological examinations. Results revealed a true prevalence of C. titillator in the sampled camels being 80% (24/30). Infested camels showed a significant reduction in leukocytes (P \ 0.0001) and neutrophils (P = 0.045), and a significant increase in eosinophils and monocytes (P \ 0.0001). The serological examination estimated apparent prevalence as 80% (24/30) and 90% (27/30) by Dot-ELISA and indirect-ELISA, respectively. Dot-ELISA revealed 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. While, indirect-ELISA displayed 100% sensitivity, 50% specificity, and 90% accuracy. DotELISA exhibited perfect agreement with the gold standard test, so it could be considered an ideal, simple, and accurate
& Marwa M. Attia [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
2
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
3
Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
immunologic screening technique for the detection of C. titillator in camels. Keywords Cephalopina titillator Indirect-ELISA Dot-ELISA Oestridae Immunological evaluation Screening
Introduction Camelus dromedarius is the native camel that is present worldwide, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of different countries such as Egypt, northern Nigeria, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. Dromedary camels slaughtered for their meat and hides. Camels are exposed to different internal and external parasites and could transfer diseases through different countries in Africa (El-Rahman 2010). Cephalopina titillator (C. titillator) is a common nasal bot fly larva that belongs to the family Oestridae, which infest camel populations within African and Asian countries (Higgins and Kock 1984). Cephalopina titillator adult flies roam around their specific host where they deposit their first larval stage in the base of the camels’ nostrils. The larvae crawl into the nasal cavities and their sinuses to molt into th
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