Advances in Web-Based Learning - ICWL 2012 11th International Confer

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Web-Based Learning, ICWL 2012, held in Sinaia, Romania, in September, 2012. The 28 revised full papers presented together with 10 short papers were carefully reviewed a

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Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany

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Elvira Popescu Qing Li Ralf Klamma Howard Leung Marcus Specht (Eds.)

Advances in Web-Based Learning – ICWL 2012 11th International Conference Sinaia, Romania, September 2-4, 2012 Proceedings

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Volume Editors Elvira Popescu University of Craiova, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Qing Li City University of Hong Kong, China E-mail: [email protected] Ralf Klamma RWTH Aachen University, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Howard Leung City University of Hong Kong, China E-mail: [email protected] Marcus Specht Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected]

ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349 ISBN 978-3-642-33641-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-33642-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-33642-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2012947343 CR Subject Classification (1998): H.4, H.3, I.2.6, H.5, K.3, D.2, I.2, J.1 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 3 – Information Systems and Application, incl. Internet/Web and HCI

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

ICWL is an annual international conference on Web-based learning, which started in Hong Kong in 2002. Since then, it has been held in Australia (2