Advances of exosome isolation techniques in lung cancer
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REVIEW
Advances of exosome isolation techniques in lung cancer Elham O. Mahgoub1 · Ehsan Razmara2 · Amirreza Bitaraf3 · Fahimeh‑Sadat Norouzi3 · Maryam Montazeri4 · Roudabeh Behzadi‑Andouhjerdi5 · Mojtaba Falahati6 · Ke Cheng7,8 · Yousif Haik1 · Anwarul Hasan9,10 · Sadegh Babashah3 Received: 22 April 2020 / Revised: 24 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Lung cancer (LC) is among the leading causes of death all over the world and it is often diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stages. Exosomes, derived from circulating vesicles that are released from the multivesicular body, can be utilized for diagnosis and also the prognosis of LC at early stages. Exosomal proteins, RNAs, and DNAs can help to better discern the prognostic and diagnostic features of LC. To our knowledge, there are various reviews on LC and the contribution of exosomes, but none of them are about the exome techniques and also their efficiency in LC. To fill this gap, in this review, we summarize the recent investigations regarding isolation and also the characterization of exosomes of LC cells. Furthermore, we discuss the noncoding RNAs as biomarkers and their applications in the diagnosis and prognosis of LC. Finally, we compare the efficacy of exosome isolation methods to better fi + 6 + guring out feasible techniques. Keywords Lung cancer · Exosome · Multi-vesicular bodies · Extracellular vesicles · MicroRNAs
Introduction Lung cancer (LC), as a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is divided into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC, about 15%) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC, about 85%). Although big steps have been taken to better diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of NSCLC, only a small portion of patients benefit from these [1, 2]. In recent years,
* Anwarul Hasan [email protected] * Sadegh Babashah [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
2
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115‑154, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Biology, Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
exosomes as a class of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endocytic origin have been suggested that can increase the knowledge of the molecule mechanism of LC initiation and progression, and also they can contribute to developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies [3]. The first step paving the way to use exosomes is their isolation. A growing body of research has successfully introduced different methods of exosome isolation. However, 6
Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad U
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