Adverse events with caffeine-containing products
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Adverse events with caffeine-containing products Although adverse events associated with food-based products or dietary supplements mostly involve products which do not contain caffeine, according to study results reported in Mayo Clinic Proceedings, those which contain caffeine "have a greater association with severe adverse events". The retrospective observational study1 included data submitted to the US FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) between 1 January 2014 and 29 June 2018. Of the 23 269 adverse events, 21 152 (91%) were associated with non-caffeine products. There were 2117 events involving caffeine products, comprising weight loss products (n=953), energy products (n=739), coffee/tea/soda drinks (n=158) or multiingredient preworkout supplements (MIPS; n=131). For non-caffeine versus caffeine products, the most severe reported adverse event was either death (1.3% vs 2.1%), life-threatening (8.2% vs 13.6%), hospitalisation/disability (30.9% vs 39.3%) or ED visit (59.5% vs 45.1%). There were more reports for females than males in all groups except the MIPS group. For caffeine products, the death rate was highest for MIPS (8.7%), followed by weight loss products (2.3%), energy products (2.0%) and drinks (1.3%). Similarly, the life-threatening rate was highest for MIPS (31.1%), followed by weight loss products (17.0%), drinks (15.2%) and energy products (11.0%). For non-caffeine products, the death rate was 1.8% and the life-threatening rate was 9.3%. In a nonproportional odds ratio (OR) model compared with non-caffeine products, the risk of death compared with less severe events was significantly increased with energy products (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.16, 2.89; p=0.01) and MIPS (OR 4.90; 2.47, 9.72; p
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