Aerosol Satellite
Atmospheric aerosol plays a very important role in global change. It produces direct radiative forcing by absorbing and scattering shortwave radiation; it also affects cloud microphysics and therefore hydrological processes, producing indirect radiative f
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Aerosol Satellite
Atmospheric aerosol plays a very important role in global change. It produces direct radiative forcing by absorbing and scattering shortwave radiation; it also affects cloud microphysics and therefore hydrological processes, producing indirect radiative forcing. Atmospheric aerosol also has an important impact on air quality and ecological environments. However, the composition of atmospheric aerosol is complicated and changeable. The mechanisms of interaction among atmospheric aerosol particle clusters and between atmospheric aerosol particles and water vapor are not completely understood. Scientists now only have a limited understanding of the role atmospheric aerosols play in global change, and a series of problems needs to be studied and solved. To do so and accurately simulate the role atmospheric aerosol plays in global change, the first requirement is to accurately acquire the physicochemical properties and time–space distribution of atmospheric aerosol. Currently, aerosol observation is carried out in two ways: land-based station measurement and remote sensing monitoring. Land-based station measurement is highly accurate and temporally continuous, but it is difficult for sparsely distributed stations to reflect the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol. With remote sensing monitoring, it is easy to acquire the distribution of atmospheric aerosol on a large spatial scale, but it is difficult to achieve temporal continuity. Geostationary satellites can solve this problem. However, China’s geostationary satellite, FY-2, has a weak ability to observe atmospheric aerosol and cannot accurately retrieve the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric aerosol. Therefore, this chapter discusses designs for a Chinese scientific satellite for monitoring aerosol in hopes of acquiring accurate, high temporal resolution observations to study the nature and distribution of atmospheric aerosol in China to improve global change research.
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 H. Guo et al., Scientific Satellite and Moon-Based Earth Observation for Global Change, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8031-0_10
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10 Aerosol Satellite
10.1 Scientific Challenges 10.1.1 Current Status and Challenges of Atmospheric Aerosol Research Research on satellite remote sensing of aerosols began in the mid-1960s. As early as 1963, Rozenberg used the Vostok-6 space shuttle to retrieve a section of atmospheric aerosol in the stratosphere. In 1971, Carlson and Prospero successfully monitored sand dust blown from the Sahara Desert to the sky above the USA using data from the ATS III (Applications Technology Satellite), which started a new era of satellitebased aerosol remote sensing. Most of the algorithmic models for satellite remote sensing of aerosols rely on specific satellite sensors. With technological advances, there are now more and more sensors that can be used for aerosol retrieval, and the number of algorithms used by orbiting satellites to retrieve aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is also gr
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