Affective interaction: Using emotions as a user interface in games
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Affective interaction: Using emotions as a user interface in games Yoones A. Sekhavat 1
& Milad Jafari Sisi
1
& Samad Roohi
1
Received: 9 January 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Affective computing, as a novel paradigm, adds a new feature into the human-computer interactions era that brings emotions into the process of design and evaluation. Such condition influences digital games’ not only structural dimension but also content and evaluation areas. This study aims to evaluate the effect of using emotions in the form of facial expressions as a User Interface (UI) and the input of a system in virtual scenarios. After studying the findings and methods of previous researches, a conceptual framework for Affective User Interface Design and Evaluation (AFFUIDE) has been proposed. Then, a game in the genre of shoot ‘em up (called Facial Battle) in four interaction modes has been developed. The evaluation of this study has been performed in terms of the players’ performance and experience. For this purpose, 18 male students of the Multimedia Faculty of Tabriz Islamic Art University took part in the experiments, who were asked to play all four modes of the game. Then, after analyzing the normalization of collected data, one-way ANOVA and U Mann Whitney tests were used for the statistical analysis. The findings indicate that the Traditional UI is the most usable and the Full Affective UI has the best sense of fun and user experience among other methods. However, the hybrid mode (affective shooting), is not only usable as traditional mode, but it also works better in terms of user experience compared to other modes. Keywords Affective Computing . Affective User Interface . Virtual Scenario . User Experience . Facial Expressions
This paper is an excerpt from the master’s thesis of Milad Jafari Sisi.
* Yoones A. Sekhavat [email protected] Milad Jafari Sisi [email protected] Samad Roohi [email protected]
1
Faculty of Multimedia, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction The debate surrounding human interactions is inherently and predominantly coupled with emotions. Humans communicate with each other not only through speech but also by using facial expressions, body postures and expressing emotions [60]. One of the challenges of human-computer interaction (HCI) is to bridge the gaps between the various fields of design and implementation of human-centered computing systems [36, 76]; which is a redefinition of the classical theory of HCI, that declares recognizing people (with their interests and activities) should be the first priority in technology design [3]. Hence, in order to design a more natural user interface, it is important to consider emotions in the process of human interactions with computers and virtual scenarios [8, 28, 80]. Previously, the primary modes of HCI only took place using traditional user interfaces such as keybo
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