African Childhoods Education, Development, Peacebuilding, and the Yo
With 70 per cent of its people under the age of 30, Africa is the world's youngest continent. African youngsters have been largely characterized as either vulnerable victims of the frequent humanitarian crises that plague their homelands, or as violent mi
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AFRICAN CHILDHOODS EDUCATION, DEVELOPMENT, PEACEBUILDING, AND THE YOUNGEST CONTINENT Edited by
Marisa O. Ensor
AFRICAN CHILDHOODS
Copyright © Marisa O. Ensor, 2012. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-1-137-02469-5 All rights reserved. First published in 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-43861-7 DOI 10.1057/9781137024701
ISBN 978-1-137-02470-1 (eBook)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data African childhoods : education, development, peacebuilding, and the youngest continent / edited by Marisa O. Ensor. p. cm. Includes index. 1. Children—Africa—Social conditions—21st century. 2. Economic development—Africa. 3. Education—Africa. 4. Children and politics. 5. Children and war—Africa—History. I. Ensor, Marisa O. HQ792.A35A37 2012 305.23096—dc23
2012011145
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: September 2012 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
List of Figures and Tables
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Introduction: African Childhoods: Education, Development, Peacebuilding, and the Youngest Continent Marisa O. Ensor
1
Part I 1
The Political Economy of Child Survival in Africa: Agency, Labor, and Subsistence
Are the Barrels Empty? Are the Children Any Safer? Child Domestic Labor and Servitude in Ghana C. Nana Derby
19
2
Matches but No Fire: Street Children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Claire M. Wagner, Emmanuely D. Lyimo, and Steven Lwendo
3
Youth Agency and Survival Strategies in Sierra Leone’s Postwar Informal Economy John Idriss Lahai
47
Turkana Children’s Contributions to Subsistence and Household Ecology in Kenya Tammy Y. Watkins
61
4
33
Part II The Social Context of African Children: Kinship, Hardship, and Community 5
Children Who Take Care of Other Children in the Suburbs of Maputo, Mozambique Elena Colonna
6
Seen but Not Heard: African Orphanhood in the Age of HIV/AIDS Kristen E .Cheney
7
Militarization, Generational Conf lict, and the Eritrean Refugee Crisis Tricia M. Redeker Hepner
81 95
109
CON T EN TS
vi
Part III The Human Capital of African Children: Youth Voices and Schooling in the Youngest Continent 8
Representing Youth: School Dramas and Youth Authority in Ghana Cati Coe
9
Conceptualizing the Child: An Analysis of Early Childhood Care and Education Policy in Tanzania Bethany C. Wilinski
141
Striving for Knowled
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