African Military History and Politics Coups and Ideological Incursio
Africa's former colonial masters, including Great Britain; France, Portugal and Spain, trained members and leaders of the various colonial Armed Forces to be politically non-partisan. Yet, the modern-day Armed Forces on the continent, made up of the Army,
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African Military History and Politics Coups and Ideological Incursions, 1900–Present
A. B. Assensoh and Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh Foreword by Richard W. Hull Introduction by Okey Onyejekwe
AFRICAN MILITARY HISTORY AND POLITICS © A. B. Assensoh and Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2001 by PALGRAVETM 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y.10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global publishing imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-38670-3 DOI 10.1057/9780312292720
ISBN 978-0-312-29272-0 (eBook)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Assensoh, A. B. African military history & politics: coups and ideological incursions, 1900– present / A.B. Assensoh, Yvette Alex-Assensoh; foreword by Richard W. Hull; introd. by Okey Onyejekwe. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Civil-military relations—Africa—History—20th century. 2. Coups d’etat—Africa—History—20th century. 3. Africa—Politics and government— 20th century. I. Title:African military history and politics. II. Alex-Assensoh, Yvette M. III. Title. JQ1873.5.C58 A77 2001 960.3'1—dc21
2001021863
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Westchester Book Composition. First edition: January 2002 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This volume is dedicated to our son, Baby Livingston Alex, who is named for his maternal grandfather of blessed memory, Reverend Livingston Alex (1928–1998) of Breaux Bridge, Louisiana, USA; and also to Mrs.Thelma Coleman Alex and Mrs. (Nana) Enola Thomas for their inspiration and support at all times.
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C O N T E N T S
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xv
Foreword by Professor Richard W. Hull
xix
Introduction by Professor Okey Onyejekwe
Chapter One:
Africa’s Recent Colonial Past, 1900-1970
Chapter Two:
Africa’s Armed Forces in Retrospect: The History of the Colonial and Postcolonial Forces
xxiii
1
47
Chapter Three: Corrupt and Dictatorial Tendencies: The Tacit Invitation for Military Intervention
61
Chapter Four:
Military Leaders Turned Civilian Rulers
81
Chapter Five:
Military Presence in African Politics: Stability or Instability?
99
Chapter Six:
African Coups Galore: Foreign and Ideological Influences
127
viii
Contents
Chapter Seven: African Coups in Political and Theoretical Contexts
143
Chapter Eight: Conclusion
169
Notes
183
Bibliography
205
Index
209
About the Authors
217
P R E F A C E
A. B. Assensoh and Yvette M. Alex-Assensoh
A lot of historical-cum-political factors prompted us, as a historian–political scientist team, to write this book. The most recent factor which reinforc
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