Ag modified Fe-doping TiO 2 nanoparticles and nanowires with enhanced photocatalytic activities for hydrogen production
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Ag modified Fe-doping TiO2 nanoparticles and nanowires with enhanced photocatalytic activities for hydrogen production and volatile organic pollutant degradation Yang Liu1,2 · Guowang Xu1 · Hui Lv1,2 Received: 16 February 2018 / Accepted: 16 April 2018 / Published online: 16 May 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract The Ag modified Fe-doping T iO2 nanoparticles and nanowires (Ag@Fe–TiO2 NPs and NWs) were prepared by convenient modified sol–gel and one-pot solvothermal method, respectively. The high photocatalytic activities of the Ag@Fe–TiO 2 photocatalysts for H 2 production and formaldehyde degradation were ascribed to the extended light-responsive range, accelerated migration, increased specific surface area and suppressed recombination of photogenerated carriers. All Ag@Fe–TiO2 samples showed good photochemical stabilities for reusage. The mechanisms for the significantly enhanced photocatalytic activities of the Ag@Fe–TiO2 NPs and NWs were proposed. Our research provides valuable contributions in the future preparations and applications for TiO2 based photocatalysts.
1 Introduction Nowadays mankind seeks to develop a new technology for effectively addressing the energy crisis due to the fast decreasing of fossil fuel resources, increasing energy needs in modern society and serious environmental pollutant due to the large-scale industrializing progression [1–6]. Since the discovery of photocatalytic water splitting under ultraviolet light by Fujishima and Honda in 1972, titanium dioxide (TiO2), as an interesting semiconductor material, has been widely investigated for environmental applications because of its chemical inertness, strong oxidizing power, cost effectiveness, and long term stability against photo and chemical corrosion [1–8]. However, its practical application has been limited because of the low quantum efficiency (QE) and poor visible light utility [7–15]. Noble metals such as Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd deposited on a TiO2 surface could enhance the photocatalytic efficiencies because they act as an electron trap promoting interfacial charge transfer processes in
* Yang Liu [email protected] 1
School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People’s Republic of China
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Wuhan 430068, People’s Republic of China
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the composite systems [16–22]. Among these noble metal decorations, Ag shows greater potential application due to the lower cost, can be adopted by convenient facile preparation techniques and high theoretic activities in photocatalytic systems [23–25], which results from the high-efficiency of electron–hole separation by forming a Schottky barrier at the interface of Ag and TiO2, thus improving its photocatalytic activity [26–28]. It is known that the free electrons of metal can collectively oscillate induced by light irradiation, when the oscillation frequency of light electromagnetic field is in conformity with
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