Age-related alterations on the capacities to navigate on a bike: use of a simulator and entropy measures
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Age-related alterations on the capacities to navigate on a bike: use of a simulator and entropy measures Antoine Jamin1,2
´ · Guillaume Duval3,4 · Cedric Annweiler3,4,5 · Pierre Abraham6 · Anne Humeau-Heurtier2
Received: 17 January 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2020
Abstract Studying the impact of age is important to understand the phenomenon of aging and the disorders that are associated with it. In this work, we analyze age-related alterations on the capacities to navigate on a bike. For this purpose, we use Cycl´eoONE, a bike simulator, and entropy measures. We thus record navigation data (handlebar angle and speed) during the ride. They are processed with two cross-distribution entropy methods (time-shift multiscale cross-distribution entropy and multiscale cross-distribution entropy). We also analyze the time series with a detrended cross-correlation analysis to determine which method can best underline age-related alterations. Our results show that methods based on cross-distribution entropy may be efficient to stress the decrease in navigation capacities with age. The results are very encouraging for our future goal of adding medical benefits to a leisure equipment. They also show the value of using virtual reality to study the impact of age. Keywords Multiscale cross-entropy · Age · Time series · Irregularity · Complexity
1 Introduction Aging is a complex phenomenon that interacts, unequally, in various parts of the human organism [30]. The A CIFRE grant No 2017/1165 was awarded by ANRT to the company COTTOS M´edical to support the work of graduate student A. Jamin. Antoine Jamin
[email protected] 1
COTTOS M´edical, All´ee du 9 novembre 1989, 49240, Avrill´e, France
2
LARIS – Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ing´enierie des Syst`emes, University of Angers, 62 avenue Notre-Dame du Lac, 49000, Angers, France
3
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, 4 rue du Larrey, 49933 cedex 9, Angers, France
4
Angers University Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, 4 rue du Larrey, 49933 cedex 9, Angers, France
5
Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
6
Sports Medicine Department, UMR Mitovasc CNRS 6015 INSERM 1228, Angers University Hospital, 4 rue du Larrey, 49933 Angers, France
age-related cognition deficits can lead lead to difficulties in selecting inherent information and in switching between various tasks [24]. Studying the impact of age allows to understand aging, improves the diagnosis, and helps in identifying solutions to reduce aging effects [3, 21]. Impact of age can be studied by non-invasive, playful, and safe methods through exergames [27]. Virtual reality (VR) offers interesting perspectives to study the impact of age [1, 17]. VR can be used to diagnose and rehabilitate cognitive disorders [5,
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