Age-related effects of three inhalational anesthetics at one minimum alveolar concentration on electroencephalogram wave
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Age‑related effects of three inhalational anesthetics at one minimum alveolar concentration on electroencephalogram waveform Masanori Tsukamoto1 · Shiori Taura2 · Hitoshi Yamanaka1 · Takashi Hitosugi3 · Yoshifumi Kawakubo3 · Takeshi Yokoyama3 Received: 14 August 2019 / Accepted: 5 October 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Background The characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) profiles under general anesthesia may depend on age and type of anesthetic. Aim This study investigated age-related differences in EEG waveforms between three inhalational anesthetics used at the same minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), which indicates the level of analgesia. Methods Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II were divided into three groups according to age: pediatric (≦ 15 years); adult (16–64 years); and elderly (≧ 65 years). Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the inhalational anesthetic used: sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane. Anesthesia was maintained at 1 MAC, followed by assessment of 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF95) values and amplitude of EEG waveform. Results The 3 age groups comprised a total of 180 patients. The mean (± SD) EEG waveform amplitude and SEF95 values for sevoflurane in the pediatric, adult, and elderly age groups, respectively, were: 32.9 ± 2.9 µV and 16.7 ± 2.4 Hz; 16.4 ± 3.6 µV and 12.2 ± 1.3 Hz; and 11.0 ± 2.1 µV and 13.6 ± 1.6 Hz. EEG waveform amplitude and SEF95 values were significantly higher in the pediatric group than in the other groups. SEF95 value was higher in the elderly group than in the adult group. Similar results were obtained for isoflurane and desflurane. Conclusion The amplitude of the EEG waveform and SEF95 values varied with age, even at the same analgesic state in patients under general anesthesia. This age-dependent change in EEG waveform was observed for all three inhalational anesthetics, and should be considered in procedures requiring general anesthesia. Keywords Aging · EEG waveform · Inhalational anesthetics · General anesthesia
Introduction An assessment of the effect of anesthetics on the central nervous system is very important in patients during general anesthesia [1–3]. During the past few decades, electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, such as the use of * Masanori Tsukamoto [email protected]‑u.ac.jp 1
Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3‑1‑1 Maidashi, Higashi‑ku, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
2
Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
3
Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3‑1‑1 Maidashi, Higashi‑ku, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
bispectral index (BIS), has been widely used as a measure of inhalational anesthetic efficacy [3–6]. BIS ranges from 100 (awake) to 0 (isoelectric EEG), and is significantly correlated with the depth of anesthesia induced by various agents [1–4]. A target value between 40 and 60 is c
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