Aggregation-induced Emission Fluorogen as Mammalian Cell Cytoplasmic Tracker with Long Retention Time and High Photo-sta
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doi: 10.1007/s40242-020-0220-1
Article
Aggregation-induced Emission Fluorogen as Mammalian Cell Cytoplasmic Tracker with Long Retention Time and High Photo-stability ZHOU Yabin1,2#, HUA Jin1,3#, ZHANG Hong-ping2,4 and TANG Youhong2* 1. School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering(SUSE), Yibin 644000, P. R. China; 2. Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; 3. College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5064, Australia; 4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China Abstract Fluorescent probes used for cell imaging are powerful tools in cell-based assays and research. In this study, we exhibited a water-soluble aggregation-induced emission fluorogen(AIEgen), BSPO-TPE, specifically stained cytoplasm in live cells and had an excellent photostability when compared to that of two widely used commercial fluorescent dyes. The long cytoplasm retention time of BSPO-TPE demonstrated its suitability as a live cell cytoplasm tracker. Keywords Aggregation-induced emission(AIE); BSPO-TPE; Cytoplasmic tracker
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Introduction
Mammalian cells are important models for medical research. Utilisation of fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins in cell imaging has been a powerful tool to help understand normal cell morphology, physiology and cellular responses to various treatments[1]. In cancer research, fluorescent cell tracker dyes are very useful tools for in vivo tracking of cancer cell location and movement[2] and in vitro cell migration and cellular imaging[3]. In in vitro cell-based studies, cell tracker dyes can be used not only to track cell movement or location, but also for multiplexing with fluorescent dyes and proteins, and antibodies conjugated with dyes of different colours. The multiplexed staining is very useful for investigating subcellular organelle actions and the trafficking of the intracellular components[4]. Many of the fluorescent dyes, dyes conjugated to antibodies and fluorescent proteins, have excitation/emission wavelengths, such as 415 nm/516 nm or beyond [5]. Good examples of commonly used fluorescent dyes are 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride(DAPI) and Hoechst® 33342 for nucleus staining, and CellTrackerTM Blue CMAC(7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin) for cytoplasmic staining[4]. Tang et al.[6—8] discovered a group of unique luminogens, which are nonluminescent when molecularly dissolved but highly fluorescent when aggregated. Aggregation-induced emission(AIE) describes this novel phenomenon, in which the
restriction of intramolecular motion is the main cause of the AIE phenomenon. Over the past decade, AIE luminogens have been employed in a variety of biological and medical applications, such as dyes specifically labelling membranes[9], mitochondria[10] and nuclei[11], etc. In particular, Tong et al.[12] synthesized a water-soluble tetraphenyl
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