Agroforestry for Wasteland Rehabilitation: Mined, Ravine, and Degraded Watershed Areas
Wasteland is defined in various ways by different agencies. However, in general it represents degraded, unused, and uncultivated lands. These lands have utilized in recent past to bridge the gap between demand and supply of food, fodder, timber, and also
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Agroforestry for Wasteland Rehabilitation: Mined, Ravine, and Degraded Watershed Areas O. P. Chaturvedi, R. Kaushal, J. M. S. Tomar, A. K. Prandiyal, and P. Panwar
Abstract
Wasteland is defined in various ways by different agencies. However, in general it represents degraded, unused, and uncultivated lands. These lands have utilized in recent past to bridge the gap between demand and supply of food, fodder, timber, and also for resource conservation. Area under mines in the country is about 0.19 m ha and ravine lands 4 m ha. Though mining is important for industrial growth, it also has negative impact on the environment and renders the land unproductive. Rehabilitation of such degraded areas requires systematic and scientific approach which includes proper survey, choice of species, and techniques for establishment of plant species. Rehabilitation of ravine lands involves treatment of table and marginal lands contributing runoff to the gullies and proper gullies/ravines on watershed basis. It requires an integrated approach of using gullies according to land capability classes, soil, and water conservation measures and putting land under permanent vegetation cover involving, afforestation, agroforestry, horticulture, pasture, and energy plantations. Watershed development has become the major intervention for managing natural resources. Majority of the watersheds in the country are degraded and suffer from poor productivity, biotic pressure, acute fodder shortage, poor livestock productivity, poverty, water scarcity, and poor infrastructure. A multitier ridge to valley sequenced approach is required to treat the watersheds for enhancing productivity and resource conservation. This
O. P. Chaturvedi (&) R. Kaushal J. M. S. Tomar Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute (CSWCRTI), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248195, India e-mail: [email protected] A. K. Prandiyal Regional Centre CSWCRTI, Kota, Rajasthan 324002, India P. Panwar Regional Centre, CSWCRTI, Chandigarh, 160019, India J. C. Dagar et al. (eds.), Agroforestry Systems in India: Livelihood Security & Ecosystem Services, Advances in Agroforestry 10, DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1662-9_8, Springer India 2014
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chapter deals with the aapproaches for development of mined, ravine, and degraded watersheds through bioengineering, afforestation, and agroforestry along with success stories.
Introduction The wasteland represents degraded, unused, uncultivated, and common land as (a) lands not available for cultivation, barren, and unculturable wastes, (b) other uncultivated land excluding fallow, culturable waste, permanent pastures, and land under miscellaneous trees, (c) fallows under wastelands. Different departments define the wasteland according to their land use pattern. Agriculture land lying fallow for more than 2 years can be termed as agricultural wasteland. Lands under the control of Revenue Department not fit for agriculture lying barren can be termed as Revenue wasteland. Similarly, grasslands
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