AI Ethics: how can information ethics provide a framework to avoid usual conceptual pitfalls? An Overview
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AI Ethics: how can information ethics provide a framework to avoid usual conceptual pitfalls? An Overview Frédérick Bruneault1,2 · Andréane Sabourin Laflamme1 Received: 14 December 2019 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important role in current discussions on information and communication technologies (ICT) and new modes of algorithmic governance. It is an unavoidable dimension of what social mediations and modes of reproduction of our information societies will be in the future. While several works in artificial intelligence ethics (AIE) address ethical issues specific to certain areas of expertise, these ethical reflections often remain confined to narrow areas of application, without considering the global ethical issues in which they are embedded. We, therefore, propose to clarify the main approaches to AIE, their philosophical assumptions and the specific characteristics of each one of them, to identify the most promising approach to develop an ethical reflection on the deployment of AI in our societies, which is the one based on information ethics as proposed by Luciano Floridi. We will identify the most important features of that approach to highlight areas that need further investigation. Keywords Ethics · Artificial intelligence · Transhumanism · Liberalism · Information
1 Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is an important part in current discussions on information and communication technologies (ICT) and new modes of algorithmic governance. Being at the forefront of technological innovations, AI, particularly machine learning and deep learning, is regularly presented as the essential dimension of what social mediations and modes of reproduction of our information societies will be in the future. In the face of these changes, which many call the digital revolution, it seems essential to ask ourselves what the consequences of this revolution will be and how we can make responsible use of AI. Initiatives, such as the Montreal Declaration for the Responsible Development of AI, seek to respond to the fact that many stakeholders from the technical, marketing and development sectors of AI are addressing ethical issues specific to their fields of expertise, * Frédérick Bruneault [email protected] Andréane Sabourin Laflamme andreane.sabourin‑[email protected] 1
Collège André-Laurendeau, Montréal, QC, Canada
Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
2
issues that have become unavoidable in all areas of applica‑ tion of these technologies. The problem is that these ethical considerations often remain confined to limited areas of application, without con‑ sidering the global ethical issues in which they are embedded. Faced with the polysemy of the term ’ethics’, many studies in AI Ethics (AIE) seek to address different levels of ethical reflection—professional ethics, applied ethics, normative eth‑ ics, and metaethics—very often without distin
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