Aiming AI at a moving target: health (or disease)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Aiming AI at a moving target: health (or disease) Mihai Nadin1 Received: 27 September 2019 / Accepted: 11 January 2020 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Justified by spectacular achievements facilitated through applied deep learning methodology (based on neural networks), the “Everything is possible” view dominates this new hour in the “boom and bust” curve of AI performance. The optimistic view collides head on with the “It is not possible”—ascertainments often originating in a skewed understanding of both AI and medicine. The meaning of the conflicting views can be assessed only by addressing the nature of medicine. Specifically: Which part of medicine, if any, can and should be entrusted to AI—now or at some moment in the future? AI or not, medicine should incorporate the anticipation perspective in providing care. Keywords Artificial intelligence · Data · Meaning · Deep medicine · Anticipation
1 Introduction Medicine is focused on what is needed to maintain life. Medicine is an endeavor within the larger context of social organization of productive activity, of economic and political interaction, of culture. These and the environment, which used to be acknowledged as the dominant factor before the genetics revolution, affect medicine in all its aspects. AI in medicine is the shorthand for the meeting point between a new technology and what characterizes the practice of healthcare practitioners. Specifically: • How to identify the specific talent and dedication health-
care demands.
• How medical education should be conceived and carried
out.
• How to define experience—which medicine depends
on—as well as blinding bias. (The “fresh eye” of a colleague or colleagues can help.)
While it is true that the beginnings of medicine are muddled—how much understanding was based on observation (empirical knowledge) vs. how much conjuring of * Mihai Nadin [email protected] https://www.nadin.us 1
Institute for Research in Anticipatory Systems, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
the magical—the vector of development has been oriented towards ever more science and technology. Each step forward in knowledge acquisition and dissemination echoed in the practice of healing and maintaining a healthy life. Regardless of which new means and methods medical practitioners have adopted, major considerations of the larger context are kept in mind. Neither now nor in the past has the newest science and technology operated in a vacuum. The fact that AI—which includes all who are involved (as scientists, technologists, or investors) in a particular form of science and technology claiming credit for artificial intelligence—is interested in medicine has many explanations. The simplest (a bit cynical): Healthcare is the second most important sector of the USA economy (ca. 20%, which translates into trillions of dollars). Economic justification (or exploitation) aside, the challenges of taking care of more and more people, affected by more and more conditions th
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