Air Pollution and Health Effects
Exposure to ambient air pollutants, both indoors and outdoors has been associated with the exacerbation and also in the etiology of diverse human diseases. This book offers an overview of our current understanding of air pollution health risks and how thi
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Srikanth S. Nadadur John W. Hollingsworth Editors
Air Pollution and Health Effects
Molecular and Integrative Toxicology Series editor Rodney R. Dietert, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8792
Srikanth S. Nadadur • John W. Hollingsworth Editors
Air Pollution and Health Effects
Editors Srikanth S. Nadadur Division of Extramural Research and Training National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, NC USA
John W. Hollingsworth Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA
ISSN 2168-4219 ISSN 2168-4235 (electronic) Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ISBN 978-1-4471-6668-9 ISBN 978-1-4471-6669-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015938579 Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht © Springer-Verlag London 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer-Verlag London Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The health effects of air pollution were recognized after the Industrial Revolution with a transition to manufacturing processes that utilize fuel burning and the emergence of large and densely populated cities. One of the first reports highlighting the health effects of air pollution described the experience in London in 1952 where increased coal burning for heat resulted in dense smog that engulfed the city (Logan 1953, 1956). During a brief period of time, approximately 12,000 excess deaths were associated with increased levels of smog. This incident represents one of the first reports linking level of ambient air pollution and excess mortality. This epidemiological observation contributed to the passing of the Clean Air Act in 1956 by the Parli
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